Squash nasa ne a gidan kabewa. A cikin sharuddan dandano, yanayin waje na 'ya'yan itace - kabewa squash suna da kusanci da zucchini, amma ba kamar su, ba su cikin yanayi a cikin daji. Wannan kayan lambu shine sakamakon hybridization na halitta. Sakamakon zaɓe masu tsayi a lokacin namo, squash ya dace sosai don samun 'ya'yan itace a bangarori daban-daban na yanayi. A zahiri, squash ya bambanta da zucchini a cikin tsari na waje da launi na haushi, mafi yawan nama. Sauran halayen al'adun kayan lambu da hanyoyin dafa abinci kusan iri ɗaya ne da zucchini. A cikin wannan kayan, zaku iya sanin kanku cikakke daki-daki tare da hanyoyin girma da kula da squash, kayan amfanin su, da iri mafi kyau.
Squash, ko kabewa farantinMenene, squash?
Patisson shine amfanin gona na shekara-shekara na shekara, wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar shrub ko Semi-shrub siffofin. Tsarin ganye, mai tushe da manyan furanni guda guda yana maimaita zucchini. Bambancin waje yana farawa da tsarin samuwar 'ya'yan itace. 'Ya'yan squash sune kabewa, zagaye (farantin-kamannin) ko tauraro (mai kamannin fure), ɗan ƙaramin laushi, mai santsi ko gefuna, launuka iri-iri:
- fari
- haske rawaya;
- launin rawaya mai haske, rana;
- lemu mai zaki
- duhu kore
- variegated (a wannan yanayin, launuka masu yawa).
A cikin girman, squraw squraw cikakke sun kai 30 cm a diamita, amma mafi girman dandano a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa kore tare da diamita na 10-12 cm.
Sanya squash a cikin juyin juya halin al'adu
Kamar sauran kabewa na kabewa, squash a cikin juyin juya halin al'adu don komawa zuwa ga asalinsu bayan shekaru 4-5. Mafi kyawun magabata sune gicciye (nau'ikan kabeji), daɗin dare, har da dankali. Ba za ku iya dasa shuki ba kuma ku shuka squash bayan albarkatun gona.
Bambancin launin squashTsarin squash
Don squash, ana buƙatar kasa mai tsaka-tsaki tare da pH = raka'a 6-7. Idan a cikin shekarun da suka gabata an yiwa kasar gona takin na dogon lokaci tare da tukwane ma'adinai, yana yiwuwa hakan ya zama cewa kasar ta zama acidified. A ƙasa za a iya deoxidated a cikin fall by gilding ko shuka kore taki karkashin hunturu. Adadin aikace-aikacen itacen ash shine 0.2-0.3 kg / sq. m square. Idan ana amfani da peat ash don deoxidation, adadin yana ƙaruwa sau 1.5-2.0. Don shuka shuka na hunturu na kore, yi amfani da cakuda-veat-oat, mustard tare da Legumes na takin, vetch, da sauransu.
Yi hankali! A cikin deoxidation na kaka tare da ash, kada ku gauraya shi da taki. Shigar da halayen sunadarai tare da takin mai magani, ash zai fassara wasun su zuwa siffofin da ba za'a iya kaiwa ga tsiro ba. A irin waɗannan halayen, ana amfani da takin ƙasa a cikin bazara kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin dasa squash.
Zai fi dacewa a sanya hummocks ko takin da ya girma daga kaka a ƙarƙashin digging na tonon squash (za su rage girman acidity kuma su zama a matsayin taki). Theaddamar da takin mai ma'adinai ya fi kyau don canja wurin zuwa bazara kuma an inganta shi tare da takin bazara-bazara.
Shiri na squash tsaba
Don samun harbe na ƙawancen squash, yana da kyau ka sayi kayan iri a cikin kantin sayar da kaya ko a cikin kamfanonin kasuwanci masu lasisi don sayar da tsaba.
Tare da girbi mai zaman kanta na tsaba squash, dole ne su kasance a shirye don shuka:
- Rashin daidaituwa na mintina 15-20 a cikin bayani na potassiumganganate. Kurkura kuma bushe.
- Bayan kwanaki 2-3, don haɓaka germination, bi da tsaba a cikin maganin maganin boric acid (20 MG / 1 na shanu). Yin tsayayya da - rana, kurkura, bushe.
- Jiƙa a cikin ruwa kafin shuka, domin tsaba na squash sun kumbura ko m. Kuna iya shuka da bushe tsaba.
Tuna! Don shuka, amfanin squash na 2 zuwa 3 da suka wuce ana amfani dashi. Tsaba dole ne a bushe sosai. Wanda ba a gama dashi ba, wadatattun tsaba suna yin furanni maza.
Patisson, ko kabewa mai kama da farantin.
Yankunan shuka squash a cikin ƙasa bude
Squash sune albarkatun gona masu tsananin zafi kuma ana dasa su a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni, lokacin da barazanar bazara, dawo da ƙanƙara ta ƙura da ƙasa a cikin tushen 15 cm Layer mai dumama har zuwa + 14 ... + 17 ° С.
Tebur 1. Kwanannin shuka squash a cikin ƙasa a cikin yankuna na Rasha
| Yankin | Zamanin shuka |
|---|---|
| Kudu | 20-30.04 - 10.05 |
| Tsakiyar Black Duniya | 10-15.05 - 15.06 |
| Yankin Midland da Yankin Moscow | 15-20,05 (a ƙarƙashin murfin); 20-30.05 - 5-10.06 |
| Gabas ta Tsakiya | Daga 06/15 |
| Arewa maso yamma | Greenhouses |
| Siberiya da Urals | Greenhouses |
Ana iya canza ranakun shuka kuma za a iya samun amfanin gona a farkon idan squash yayi girma:
- ta hanyar shuka
- a cikin gadaje masu ɗumi
- tare da latin kwalliyar gadaje kafin shuka.
A cikin waɗannan halayen, ana iya cire farkon girbin squash makonni 2-3 a baya fiye da yadda aka shirya.
An shirya gadaje masu zafi a cikin bazara, haka kuma ga wasu albarkatu. Tun da ƙasa, lokacin da ma'anar kwayoyin halitta, ke warms har zuwa yanayin zafi da ake buƙata da yawa fiye da yanayin zafin da ake buƙata ya zo, shuka squash ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararrun seedlings a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana sanya su a cikin matsuguni na wucin gadi (karamin wucin guna-kore).
- Irin wannan karamin-greenhouse ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar iska.
- Lingsalingsan itace ko arean itacen ana shayar da su ta ruwa mai ɗumi tare da narkewar biofungicides a ciki.
- Ana amfani da biofungicides domin kada ya lalata microflora mai amfani na ƙasa kuma ya kare tushen squash daga cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na fungal. Kuna iya amfani da planriz, phytosporin-M da sauransu.
- Lokacin da tsauraran yanayi mai ɗorewa suka shiga, za'a cire mafaka na ɗan lokaci.
A cikin kudanci da tsakiyar chernozem yankuna tare da m spring dawo frosts, wanda zai iya amfani da shawarwarin da gogaggen lambu a kan rufi na gadaje na bude ƙasa:
- A cikin manyan hanyoyin shuka squash, yin furrows har zuwa 20 cm zurfi kuma cika da sabo taki ko takin.
- don fara ƙonewa, zubar da kwayoyin halitta tare da rafi na ruwan zafi;
- rufe da ƙasa.
A cikin ilimin sunadarai na kwayoyin halitta, hanyoyin konewa zai fara ne tare da sakin zafi, wanda zaiyi ɗakin lambun. Daga sama yana yiwuwa a shigar da arcs tare da ɗan lokaci tare da murfin fim.
Seedlings na squash a cikin seedling greenhouseShuka squash tsaba, dasa shuki
Shukewar squash ana girma ne a cikin hanyoyi guda kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi guda ɗaya da squash.
Idan an isar da isasshen ƙasa a cikin faɗuwar, to, kafin shuka / dasa squash a cikin rami, zaku iya ƙarawa da haɗar sukari na ash tare da ƙasa. Uraƙar ƙasa tana buƙatar taushi.
An shuka ƙwayar squash ko seedlings a cikin wata hanya ta al'ada ko murabba'in gida bisa ga tsarin 50x50 cm ko 50x70 cm.
Zurfin dasa ƙwayar squash ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa. A kan kasa mai haske, an binne tsaba zuwa 8 cm, a kan kasa mai nauyi, ba fiye da 5-6 cm ba.
An shuka tsaba 2 a cikin kowane rijiyar, bayan an cire germination mai rauni na sprout.
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na squash ko karawa daga kofuna waɗanda ta hanyar guda ɗaya, shuka ɗaya kowace rijiya. An binne seedling a cikin ƙasa zuwa farkon ganye. Aroundasan da ke kewayen shuka ɗan ƙaramin abu ne.
Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don tsirrai, a farkon lokacin da aka shigar shinge, musamman tare da farkon shuka / dasa.
Kulawar squash na waje
Kayan kwalliyar miya
Squash amfanin gona ce tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci girma. Saboda haka, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 2 a kowace kakar. Af, tare da kyakkyawan matattarar makircin tare da abubuwan gina jiki yayin shirye-shiryen kaka-kaka, za'a iya barin miya mai kyau.
Na farko ciyar da squash ne da za'ayi a gaban taro flowering, zai fi dacewa da takin gargajiya. Daga taki, tsinkayen tsuntsu, ana shirya mafita kuma ana amfani dasu a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire don kada su hau cikin ganyayyaki. Tabbatar ciyayi kasar gona bayan shan ruwa. Idan babu takin gargajiya, to nitroammophoska, nitrophoska, kemir ana amfani da shi akan kudi 50-70 g / sq. m
Na biyu ciyar da squash ne da za'ayi a farkon taro fruiting. An gabatar da takin mai magani na Phosphorus a cikin kudi na 50-60 g / sq. m
Ciyarwa tare da takaddun takaddun ƙwayoyi na iya maye gurbinsu da mafita. 2 tablespoons na taki suna narkar da a guga na ruwa kuma an gabatar da su a ƙarƙashin bushes na squash, kuma lokacin da aka rufe layuka, an yanka fur ɗin gaba tsakanin layuka.
Patisson, ko kabewa mai kama da farantin. © DamoWatering squash
Squash ba zai iya tsayawa da ruwan sanyi ba kuma nan da nan ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi don ban ruwa kawai. Ruwa ne da za'ayi a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da furrows. Dole ne a nisanta ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki. Ana yin ruwa squash kamar yadda topsoil ya bushe. Dole ya zama rigar koyaushe. Don kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa, bayan ruwa, mulching wajibi ne (kafin a rufe layuka).
Pinching squash
Wani lokacin takin da aka yiwa takin mai magani ba sa haifar da ci gaban ganyen ganye na squash to lalacewar samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa. A kan irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, ana cire tsofaffin ƙananan ganye da sassafe. A lokaci guda, ba a cire ganye sama da 2 ba kuma ana maimaita aikin bayan kwana 2-3. Wannan dabarar tana ba da gudummawa ga wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki zuwa kabewa.
Kariyar squash daga cuta
Squash, kamar zucchini, ana shafan tushen tushe tare da ƙara yawan adadin ruwa, mildew powdery, fusarium, mosaic kore. Amfani da sinadarai a kan squash ba da shawarar ba. Idan tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya sosai, su da ƙasa suna maganin cututtukan biofungicides:
- tamaninki,
- pentophage
- Alirin
- rukunin -
- karafarini
- gamair.
Ana aiwatar da squash tsantsa bisa ga shawarwarin. Don hana cutar taro, yana da kyau a kula da tsire-tsire tare da biofungicides sau 2-3 a wata daga farkon watan don rigakafin. Za'a iya amfani da gaurayawan tanki don rage nauyin akan daji. Biofungicides ba shi da lahani ga mutane, tsuntsaye da yara, saboda haka an ba da shawarar yin amfani da su a cikin lokacin girma, har zuwa farkon girbi.
Girbi squash
Tarin 'ya'yan itatuwa squash yana farawa lokacin da girmansu ya kai 6-10 cm a diamita don kiyayewa da kuma 10-12 cm don dafa stew, caviar, da shaƙewa. Overripe (tare da kafaffen tsaba) pumpkins an rufe su da fata mai wuya. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ya zama mai yawa kuma dandani mara nauyi zuwa ga 'ya'yan itatuwa kore.
Girbi squash. Lot charlotteM Properties na squash
A cikin sharuddan sunadarai da amfani kaddarorin masu amfani, squash ya zarce zucchini. Fruitsa fruitsan itace containanyun suna da dumbin carbohydrates, sukari (a cikin nau'i na glucose), pectin, fats, da kuma ma'adinan ma'adinai. Squash ya bambanta a cikin babban adadin manyan abubuwa na micro da macro: molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, lithium, cobalt, phosphorus, potassium, alli. Abun da ke tattare da ƙwayoyi masu amfani sun haɗa da nau'ikan bitamin iri 10, gami da waɗanda suke daga rukunin "B", "E", "A", "PP" da sauransu.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da sunadarai masu mahimmanci suna ƙayyade amfanin amfani da squash don cin abinci mai lafiya da tasirin sa ga lafiyar ɗan adam:
• squash - kyakkyawan samfurin abinci;
• yana hana ci gaban cututtukan zuciya, atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini;
• lutein da ke cikin fruitsa neutan itace ke magance tasirin radical, yana kare jiki daga cutar kankara;
• taimaka wajen karfafa hangen nesa;
• ruwan 'ya'yan itace squash yana cire gishiri mai yawa;
• yana daidaita aikin hanji, da sauransu.
Iri iri-iri na squash don girma a kasar.
Don namo waje, muna bada shawara yawancin shahararrun nau'ikan squash.
Yawancin nau'ikan farko da kuma nau'ikan squash, suna samar da kayan kabewa bayan kwanaki 40-50 daga seedlings:
- Sunny Bunny F1
- Yarjejeniya F1 da
- Polo F1.
- Fitar
- UFO Orange.
- Gosh
- Piglet
- Ummi
- Cheburashka
- Sunny Dadi
- Bingo bongo
Tsarin gargajiya da nau'ikan halittar squash, suna samar da iri mai kabewa a cikin kwanaki 50-60 daga tsiro:
- Rana
- UFO White
- Kankana F1
- Rana ta fashe F
- Chung canza
- Malachite
- Snow fari
Bushes squash a gonar. Issa MarissaNa ƙarshen nau'in squash, samar da amfanin gona na kabewa na kwanaki 60-70 daga taro na seedlings, iri-iri Bely 13 shine mafi mashahuri a cikin lambu.
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, adadin kaddarorin amfani da squash zai jawo hankalin masu ba da lambu waɗanda ba su damu da wannan kayan lambu ba.
A cikin gidanku na gida, zaku iya shuka squash tare da -a coloredan launuka da launuka masu kyau da kyau a cikin lambu ko a kayan lambu. A lokaci guda, yi ado da gidan kuma girma kayan lambu mai amfani.
