'Yan Adam sun yi wa lambun namu girki tare da junipers fiye da shekaru dubu ɗaya. Sunan Latin sautin daidai iri ɗaya ne a cikin ayoyin tsohuwar mawakiyar Roma mai suna Virgil. Juniper na iya yin girma a cikin bishiyar bishiyar, mai kama da shafi, kuma kamar shuki mai tsagewa, har ma ya rufe ƙasa da kafet mai laushi. Rassanta da kullun suna ado da allura ta hanyar sikeli ko kuma allura. Yawancin junipers sune dioecious: tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle na maza, kuma amfanin gona na mata ya haifar. Ana kiran 'ya'yan itacen "bump-berries." Jam da jam daga gare su suna da ƙanshi, tare da sabon abu, amma dandano mai daɗi.
Juniper (Juniperus) - Bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu kyau bishiyar bishiyar Cypress (LankanaIc).
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina).
Gumakan da kifin. Iri da nau'in juniper
Juniper Virginia, ko Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana)
Juniper Virginia, ko itacen alƙalami ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka. Da zarar an yi amfani da itace don yin fensir, saboda haka sunan na biyu na jinsin. Winters da kyau a cikin gari.
Wasu lokuta rassan sun fashe a ƙarƙashin nauyin dusar ƙanƙara, saboda haka yana da kyau a ƙulla kambi don hunturu tare da igiya. Ba lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka, mai haƙuri-haƙuri, fari-tsayayya. Juniper Virginia ta yarda da yin shuki da kyau, ba ƙasa bane ga ƙasa, amma tana haɓaka kyakkyawan kan yashi.
Juniper Virginia, ko Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana).
Ya haɗu a cikin siffar itace mai tsayi na 15-30 m da girman gangar jikin wanda ya kai rabin mitir. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 20, ya kai tsawo na 6. m. Kambi ne a siffar tare da rassan waɗanda suke sauka zuwa ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka sa a allunan tsufa sune siket, ƙananan, da kuma a kan allura matasa. Musamman wannan nau'in juniper yana da ado a ƙuruciya, to, ana iya yin kambi daga ƙasa. Yana girma cikin sauri kuma yana fara fitar da 'ya'ya. Cones-berries har zuwa 0.6 cm a diamita, shuɗi mai duhu tare da fure mai launin shuɗi, girma a cikin kakar ɗaya, yawanci a watan Oktoba, kuma ya kasance a kan mai tushe na dogon lokaci. Itatuwa, mai zane tare da ruwan hoda mai shuɗi, yayi kyau sosai a kaka.
Juniper na Virginian yana da siffofin kayan ado da yawa. Na bishiyoyi tare da kambi na pyramidal suna da kyau musamman:
- Pyramidiformis (Pyramidiformis), mai kama da kunkuntar shafi na mita 10 tare da allurar kore mai haske a lokacin bazara da launin shuɗi a lokacin hunturu;
- kusan tsayi guda ɗaya kamar Shottii, tare da fatar alli na kusurwa mai haske;
- Polymorph (Polymorpha), tare da allura mai launin toka mai launin toka a ƙasa da kore scaly kore a sama;
- Filifera, wanda kambinsa mai haske yana da fadi;
- Chamberlaynii (Chamberlaynii), tare da dogayen rassa a cikin allura mai siffa allura, suna samar da dala mai launin toka mai kauri-kore.
Juniper Virginia, ko Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana).
Tsakanin budurwar Juniper, akwai ciyawa.
- Wannan shine Dumosa (Dumosa) - tare da kambi mai zagaye-pyramidal da kuma rassan da aka rufe da allura mai kauri-mai kauri;
- Albospicata (Albospicata) - har zuwa 5 m high, allura a ƙarshen harbe suna ba da fata;
- Helle (Helle) - tare da babban tushe na bude harbe na koren launi;
- Glauca (Glauca) - siffar columnar, har zuwa 5 m tsayi, tare da allurar kore-kore.
- Kosteri (Kosteri) - ciyawar daji mai rarrafe, adon ciyawa da lambun dutse.
An bambanta budurcin juniper da wani sabon abu mai launi na allura:
- Cinerascens (Cinerascens) - kore-ashen;
- Aureospicata (Aureospicata) - tare da tukwicin zinariya na rassan matasa;
- Aureovariegata (Aureovariegata) - zinari-motley.
Juniperus na kasar Sin (Juniperus chinensis)
Juniper na kasar Sin ya tsiro a kan tsaftataccen ƙarancin ƙasa ko tsaunin dutse a cikin tsaunukan China, Manchuria, Japan. Tushen da ke da ƙarfi waɗanda ke cikin tushe na iya shiga cikin fasa, murƙushe tsakanin duwatsu da ƙarni don ci gaba da tsire-tsire, har ma a cikin rataye. Saboda wannan mallakar, Juniper na kasar Sin ana amfani dashi sosai don ƙarfafa gangara, yin ado ganuwar dutse da nunin faifai. A cikin Moscow, tana yin hibernates ba tare da mafaka ba kuma yana ba da haɓaka shekara-shekara na kusan cm 20 ba tsayi ba. Yana ƙin ƙasa ne, amma baya jure iska mai bushe.
Juniper na kasar Sin yana da siffofin kayan ado da nau'ikan da yawa.
Juniper Chinese (Juniperus chinensis).
Daga cikin bushes, mafi mashahuri su ne:
- Hetzii (Hetzii) - har zuwa 5 m tsayi kuma 8 m m tare da launin toka-shuɗi needles;
- Pfitzeriana (Pfitzeriana) - har zuwa 4 m tsayi, tare da rassan layin kwance, an rufe su da fitila mai haske tare da allura shuɗi;
- Japonica (Japonica) - daji mai yaɗuwa tare da tsayin daka bai wuce 3 m;
- Gold Coast (Koast na gwal) - busasshen daji mai rassa tare da rassa na zinare.
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina)
Ana samun Cossack juniper a cikin Caucasus, Crimea, Siberiya, Asiya ta Tsakiya, da kuma a cikin tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, China, da Mongolia. Yana da sanyi sosai ba tare da tsari a yankin tsakiyar ba, yana da jure fari, da ƙarancin ƙasa.
Wani lokaci yakan girma a cikin siffar itace mai tsayi daga 2 zuwa 4 m, amma mafi yawan lokuta ana wakiltar jinsin ne ta ɗan ƙaramin itace (1-1.5 m) tare da rassan iska mai rarrafe. An rufe harbe-harbe tare da allura na scaly, mai wadataccen mai mai, yana ba wa shuka ƙanshi na musamman. Ta hanyar, asu ba ya son shi sosai, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa reshen Cossack juniper a cikin tufafi zai dogara da abin da kake so.
Shawara mai amfani: Cossack juniper yana da kyau, yana da sauƙin girma, amma wasu nau'ikansa suna da rashi biyu. Na farko shine kasancewar sabinol mai a cikin allura, saboda wanda harbe zai iya zama mai guba. Wannan ya sa ya zama tsire-tsire wanda ba a so a cikin lambun, inda akwai ƙananan yara. Duk da haka - Cossack juniper mai ɗaukar tsatsa ne, don haka bai kamata a dasa shi kusa da bishiyoyi da fruitan itacen bishiyoyi ba.
Wannan juniper mai ban sha'awa yana da kyau a cikin lambuna na dutse da kuma lambunan dutse. Bugu da kari, akwai wadatattun siffofin da yawa don girma kyawawan siffofin. Misali, har zuwa 0 m m da tsayi har zuwa 2 m Tamariscofoliac, tare da allura na ƙyalli tint; Variegata yana da ban sha'awa sosai - tare da tukwici-fararen haske na allura da Erecta - tare da kambi na 2 -ramramramram.
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina).
Juniper Daurian (Juniperus davurica)
Juniper Juniper yana zaune a kan tsaunin tsaunuka, rafin yashi a gabashin Siberiya da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ba shi da wata ma'ana ga ƙasa, hunturu-Hardy, mai daukar hoto, amma yana iya jure ƙarancin shading, fari-mai tsauri.
Wannan itace mai rarrafewa da ke tsiro ba tare da 0,5 m ba ga tsayi kuma kusan 3 m faɗi. A kan harbe akwai lokaci guda za a iya kasancewa ganye-allura dabam-dabam: scaly da allura mai siffa, 7-8 cm tsayi.The rassan koren kore mai haske yana ɗaga tukwicin harbe, kuma allura-kamar filawar allura tana ba daji kyakkyawan alheri na musamman. Cones-berries har zuwa 0.5 cm a diamita, yana da kyau sosai don yin tinctures. Siffar kayan ado na Expanse tare da allura mai launin shuɗi yana cikin babbar bukata.
A halin yanzu, an rarraba Daurian Juniper (Juniperus davurica) a matsayin mai tallafin Cossack Juniper (Juniperus sabina var. Davurica)
Juniper na gama gari, ko Veres (Juniperus communis).
Juniper na gama gari, ko Veres (Juniperus communis)
Za a iya samun juniper na gama gari a duk Rasha. Dankin yana da sauƙin yanayi, ya daidaita da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban da marasa ma'ana. Ba ya tsoron sanyi da fari, ya yi girma a kan ƙasa mai bushe da danshi. Yana tsayayya da shading, amma yana jin daɗi a wuraren rana. D shuka mai matukar dawwama yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru dubu 2.
Yana faruwa a cikin nau'i mai itace mai ruɓi mai tsayi har zuwa tsayi 15 m ko wani daji daga tsayi 2 zuwa 6. chingatuwar harbe-harben na da rikitarwa, saboda haka kambi ba shi da tabbataccen siffar. Blossoms a watan Mayu mai haske mai launin rawaya akan tsirrai maza da furanni masu haske na fure akan mace. Kwatancen-berries ne fleshy, kore na farko, a shekara ta biyu, lokacin da ya cikakke, shuɗi-baki ne mai launin shuɗi mai laushi da nama.
Shawara mai amfani: A cikin maganin jama'a, 'ya'yan itaciyar ruwan juniper gama gari (amma banda Cossack!) Ana ɗauka magani. An bada shawara don yin su (1 tbsp.spoon a gilashin ruwan zãfi, bar tsawon minti 30, sannan zuriya) kuma ɗauki jiko na 1 tbsp. cokali sau 3-4 a rana don cututtukan hanta, mafitsara, rheumatism. Raarancin berries suna da kyau ga cututtukan ciki.
Yana da siffofin kayan ado da iri iri. Junipers na yau da kullun, masu kama da kyandir, suna da tasiri musamman:
- Hibernica (Hibernica) - kunkuntar-columned, har zuwa 4 m high;
- Goldkone (Goldcone) - mai kama da launi, tare da allura rawaya;
- Meyer (Meyer) - columnar, har zuwa 3 m high, tare da bluish needles.
Junipers tare da rawanin kuka Pendula, girma har zuwa 5 m, kuma mai kama da ƙwallon Echinoformis (Echinoformis) suma suna da kyau. Masu ƙaunar tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali za su so Hornibrookii da Repanda - 30-50 cm tsayi, tare da shimfida rassa 1.5-2 m tsawo, an rufe shi da allurai-kore; Nana Aurea (Nana Aurea) - har zuwa 50 cm tsayi, tare da yalwatattun launuka masu launin shuɗi-zinare.
Juniper na gama gari, ko Veres (Juniperus communis).
Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica)
Mafi yawan lokuta ana samun jubirin Siberian a Siberiya da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Zai iya girma a kan peaty da ƙasan dutse, kyakkyawa mai kamanni da rashin fassara.
Ya yi daidai da na juniper na yau da kullun, amma ƙarami kuma ƙari na ado don godiya ga allurar ta dabam. Yana girma sannu a hankali, kuma na dogon lokaci da shinge sabulu suna kama da matashin kai na karammiski. Cone-berries kusan na karaya ne, tare da nasihar kusan 0.6 cm, tayi girma a shekara ta biyu. Nagari don ado nunin faifai.
A halin yanzu, an hada Siberian Juniper (Juniperus sibirica) a cikin Juniper gama gari (Juniperus communis var. Saxatilis).
Juniperus na gama gari (Juniperus communis var. Saxatilis) an riga an ware shi azaman wani nau'in mai zaman kansa - Siberian Juniper (Juniperus sibirica).
Yadda za a yi girma juniper?
Shuka Juniper
Nisa tsakanin junipers tsakanin 0.5 zuwa 4 m, an ba shi girman a cikin mazan jihar. An zabi wurin da kyau-hasken rana. Mafi sau da yawa, an haƙa rami mai dasa 70 × 70 cm, amma da farko ya zama dole a mai da hankali kan girman tushen tsarin. Makonni biyu kafin dasawa, kashi biyu cikin uku na ramin yana cike da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi peat, ƙasa mai yumɓu da yashi, wanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1.
Amma zaɓuɓɓuka kuma ana iya yiwuwa anan. Misali, don dasa bishiyoyin Siberian, ya zama dole a kara adadin yashi (kashi 2-3), yana da kyau a samar da kasar gona domin Cossack, sannan kuma a kara karin yumbu mai kauri domin Budurwa. Shuka ta hanyar dasa Tushen a kwance. Nan da nan bayan an dasa, an shayar da shuka, kuma an rufe ramin da peat, kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko sawki (Layer 5-8 cm).
Juniper dutsen (Juniperus scopulorum).
Kulawar Juniper
Ciyar da ruwa
Ba za a iya ciyar da Junipers ba, amma sun amsa sosai ga gabatarwar nitroammophoski (30-40 g / m2) a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Kusan dukkanin junipers suna da jure fari, amma idan lokacin bazara ya bushe, yana da kyau a shayar da su sau ɗaya a wata, kuma a fidda rawanin sau ɗaya a mako da safe da maraice.
Juniper pruning
Ana tsabtace Junipers idan sun kafa shinge. A duk sauran halayen, busassun, ya karye ko kuma cututtukan marasa lafiya ana cire su a cikin bazara da kaka kawai.
Tsara don hunturu
Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar juniper a tsakiyar layin basu buƙatar kariya daga sanyi hunturu. Shirya don hunturu shine ɗaure rassan kambi tare da igiya (a cikin karkace daga sama zuwa ƙasa) don kare kankara mai dusar ƙanƙara. Kawai sabon shiga a farkon farkon hunturu tare da rassan spruce. Kuma don tsire-tsire na ornamental na thermophilic zai kasance da dadi sosai a cikin hunturu, idan a cikin kaka kun yi ciyawa da'irar da'irar tare da peat Layer na 10-12 cm.
Juniper a bude yake, ko kuma Juniper a kwance yake (Juniperus horizontalis).
Juniper yaduwa
Junipers suna girma daga tsaba, kore kore tare da diddige, kuma siffofin creeping daga layering.
Shawara mai amfani: Kuma suka dasa kuma suka dasa juniper a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Better kai tushen tsire-tsire masu shekaru 4-5 da aka dasa tare da clod na duniya. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga Cossack juniper, wanda ke da tushen tushe.
Girma Juniper Berry
Abubuwan da aka samo a cikin mazugi-Berry a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban sun girma a lokuta daban-daban: a wasu - a cikin shekara ta fure, a wasu - shekara mai zuwa. Harbi a lokacin shuka kaka yana bayyana a cikin shekaru 1-3. Zai fi dacewa a shuka itace a cikin bazara. Berriesa berriesan itacen da aka tattara a lokacin bazara ko kaka suna haɗe tare da yashi rigar kuma ana ajiye su a zazzabi a cikin wata ɗaya, sannan watanni 4 a 14-15 ° C. Bayan irin wannan saurin, seedlings suna bayyana a cikin shekarar shuka. Isara yana da ƙari ga furrows, wanda aka ɗauka kusa da tushen juniper da ya riga ya girma a gonar. Ya ƙunshi fungi na mycorrhizal, waxanda suke da mahimmanci don haɓakar wannan shuka.
Ya fi dacewa a shuka a cikin kwalaye har zuwa 12 cm babba tare da ramuka magudanar ruwa. Ana saka pebbles ko tubalin da aka sare a ƙasan, sannan kuma cakuda ƙasa daga daidai sassan ƙasar turf da yashi, kuma an zuba furen sabo mai jinkiri tare da ƙara 4 cm a saman. Daga nan sai suyi girma kamar yadda sauran kekunan zazzaɓi (duba shafi na 35-36).
Juniper ya makale, ko kuma Juniper ya lanƙwasa (Juniperus recurva).
Juniper girma daga twig
Siffofin ado na yaduwar itace. Zai fi kyau a yanka su a ƙarshen Yuni, daga saman kambi. Kafe a cikin duhu mai duhu, rufe dare tare da mats. Dasa zuwa zurfin of 2 cm a cikin cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi daidai sassan peat marmashi da kuma allurai juniper. Madadin na ƙarshen, zaka iya amfani da yashi tare da ƙari na ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin junipers. Sannan suna girma bisa ga tsarin da aka saba.
Scaly juniper (Juniperus squamata).
Juniper yana girma daga reshe
Siffofin Creeping suna sauƙin yaduwa ta hanyar sakawa. A cikin bazara, da harbe kwance a kan ƙasa na dage farawa daga cikin tsagi cike da cakuda peat, kogin yashi da ƙasa, dauka a daidai rabbai, kuma pinned. A lokacin rani sun shayar, sun kwance ƙasa, kuma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa sukan datse ƙwayar igiyar ciki sai su watsa ta don girma.
Juniperus kwance (Juniperus procumbens).
Juniper kariya daga kwari da cututtuka
Dalilin curvature na harbe, rage jinkirin ci gaban juniper na iya zama aphids. Lokacin da ya bayyana, bi da tsire-tsire tare da Iskra ta hanyar warware kwamfutar hannu 1 na maganin a cikin 10 l na ruwa.
Idan kun lura da kurannin gizo-gizo na kwari, asu, cire su idan zai yiwu, kuma ku yayyafa juniper tare da karbofos (70-80 g a kowace l 10 na ruwa).
Wani lokacin juniper sawfly yana lalata harbe. Idan rassan suka zama gaggautsa, kuma a ciki babu komai a ciki, to wannan shine aikin sa. Ruwan sama-sama mai ƙarfin hali tare da fufanone (20 ml a cikin 10 l na ruwa).
Cossack da juniper talakawa bai kamata a dasa kusa da bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace Berry ba, saboda daga gare su tana iya kamuwa da cututtukan fungal waɗanda ke haifar da harbe harbe, bayyanuwar gamsai a kansu. Ya kamata a yanke rassan marassa lafiya, kuma ya kamata a dasa bishiyar da ke ɗauke da cutar zuwa wani sashin gonar.
Bi da bi, juniper mai rarrabawa ne na tsatsa, wanda ke lalata mazaunan thean itacen da ke da gonar Berry. Don dakatar da yaduwar cutar, an yanke rassan launin ruwan kasa, kuma an fesa juniper tare da ruwa na Bordeaux (100 g da lita 10 na ruwa).
Mawallafi: Tatyana Dyakova, Dan takarar ilimin kimiyyar aikin gona
