Gardenia karamin shuka ne a cikin dangin Marenova. A cikin vivo da aka samo a cikin gandun daji na Indiya, Japan da China. Fiye da nau'ikan 200 sanannu ne, galibi kamar bishiyun daji, kuma wasu lokuta ƙananan bishiyoyi.
Amma azaman gidan shidan gida, nau'in guda ɗaya ne na gama gari - jasmine gardenia - ƙaramin daji ne (har tsayi 50 cm) tare da kyawawan ganye kore mai duhu. Kuna iya lura da fure daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, gabaɗaya tsire an cika su da fure da furanni. Inflorescences kama wardi - waɗannan fararen fure ne mai fure. M sosai.
Jinsuna da iri
Gardenia jasmine (ita Lamarin Augusta, regal, Cape Jasmin) - ɗan itacen da ba ya daɗewa, a cikin yanayi na dabi'a ya girma zuwa mita biyu a tsayi, kuma a gida - ba fiye da 80 cm ba. Ganyen suna da haske, koren duhu mai duhu, suna nuna tushe. Furanni suna girma akan filo ɗaya ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya ko ana tattara su cikin rukuni uku ko fiye da haka. Yawo yana faruwa a lokacin rani da damina.
Iri:
- Santa Barbara "Chuck Hayes" (Chuck Hayes) - varietyan itace daban-daban da suka kai mita biyu a tsayi, furanni biyu, mai kamshi, launin madara da aka dafa. Blossom yana farawa a bakin ƙarshen bazara, kuma yana ci gaba da bayyana a ko'ina cikin kakar. A iri-iri yana da kyau jure sanyi.
- Lamina Sandar (Belmont) - yana da kyawawan manyan ganyayyaki. Furanni Terry (10 cm a diamita), tare da ƙanshin mai daɗin ci. Resistant zuwa cuta da sanyi karye iri.
- Gardenia "Amy" (Aimee) - lambun fure tare da fenti mai haske fiye da sauran. Furen furannin Terry (har zuwa 12 cm) suna kama da wucin gadi saboda kyakkyawan yanayin su. Blooms sau biyu a shekara.
- Gardenia "Asirin" (Asiri) - sanannen iri ne, wanda ya kai girman mita 1.5-2, tare da manyan koren ganye masu duhu. Furen fure ne lebur (har zuwa 13 cm). Ana iya lura da tsarin fure sau biyu a shekara. An kwatanta shi da hazo na tsaye.
- Gardenia "Radikans" (Radicans) - dwarf, mai kamshi sosai kuma kyakkyawa daji, ba fiye da mita ɗaya ba ga tsayi da ɗan kaɗan kaɗan da faɗi. Yana da ƙananan ganye mai haske. Har ila yau, furannin Terry ba su da girma (2-5 cm). Ana amfani da wannan iri-iri azaman bonsai.
- Gardenia "Variegata" (Variegata) - Kyakkyawan iri don girma a cikin tukunya, saboda yana da jinkirin girma. Ganyen variegated an zagaye su da siffa, dangane da launi, ana lura da wurare dabam dabam masu santsi daga kore zuwa cream. Inflorescences suna da ƙanshi (har zuwa 8 cm a girma).
- Gardenia "Radikan Variegata" (Radican Variegata) - dwarf iri-iri (har zuwa 1 m) tare da ganye daban-daban. An lura da ci gaban sannu a hankali. Duhu mai duhu duhu tare da halayyar maɓallin kirim a matsayin rim. Furanni daga 2.5 zuwa 5 cm a diamita - Bloom marigayi. Bambanci na bonsai.
- Gardenia Golden Magic (Zinare sihiri) - ya bambanta da sauran mutane a cikin tsawon lokacin furanni (ya fi sauran girma). An lura da saurin canza launin farin corolla zuwa zinari.
Lamina Salama - wani daji mai tsananin zafi wanda za'a iya girma a cikin karamin itace mai fure mai kamshi, mallakar dangin Marenova (ana ɗaukar itacen magnolia da itacen kofi suna da alaƙa). Ana iya samun yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu. Manya, kore duhu ganye kore ake kan gajerun tafiyar matakai fitowa daga madaidaiciya lignified kara. Furannin furanni (kimanin 8 cm a diamita) masu kamannin fan suna da ƙanshin mai haske, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yamma.
Gardenia Tahitian - babban ciyawa (kusan 3 m tsayi). Fuskokin ganye suna da sheki, yana da tsari mai kyau da kuma launin kore mai duhu. Kuna iya rarrabe ta fure (kamar 8 cm a diamita), a cikin abin da furanni (akwai har zuwa guda 8) da alama suna tanƙwara zuwa gefen gefen hanya, suna kama da ruwan wukake na furotin.
Gardenia Keeled (rawaya) - babban itace, zagaye ko itace (tsayi 3 m). Ganyayyaki masu haske masu kyau, ba kamar cikakken kore kamar sauran nau'in ba, suna da jijiyoyin mara nauyi na yau da kullun. Manyan furanni masu launin rawaya suna da haɓaka a ƙarshen kuma, kamar dai, an rufe filayen fure. Jin ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Lamidana - karamin itace ne. Ganye suna m, m, duhu kore. Distinwararren fasalin shine ainihin inflorescences - waɗannan furanni ne masu dusar ƙanƙara guda ɗaya, yana kunshe da furanni shida, an murƙushe shi a cikin wani sabon abu wanda baƙon abu (kuma ƙarshen yana da ɗan lankwasa), yayi kama da ruwan fanfo (ko wasu injina).
Kulawar Gida ta Gardenia
A lokacin da girma lambu a gida, dole ne ka bi wasu sharudda: isasshen zafi da walƙiya, matsakaici ƙasa danshi, guje wa fari. Bugu da kari, furen yana da matukar damuwa ga motsi daga wuri zuwa wuri.
Lambun, kamar yawancin ɗakunan furanni na fure, suna son haske mai yawa. Amma yana jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman da tsakar rana. Yana da kyau a kula da hasken daidai. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar wani wuri, zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga windows da yamma da kuma tabbatar cewa babu wata inuwa daga bishiyun tituna. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa furen ba ya son canjin wuri koyaushe (har ma da juya tukunyar), musamman a lokacin fure, zai iya rasa buds.
Amma game da zazzabi, ciyawar lambu tsirrai ce. Za'a iya la'akari da yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau azaman 20-25 ° С - a lokacin bazara kuma ba ƙasa da 16 ° С - a cikin hunturu. Ya kamata a guji wajan zartar da abubuwa masu ɗumi a cikin zafin jiki A lokacin samuwar buds, yana da kyawawa don tabbatar da yanayin zafi mai sanyi na 18 ° C, yayin da asalin rigar, bayan ruwa, kada ta kasance cikin sanyi.
Bugu da ƙari, babban iska a lokacin wannan lokacin (fure) zai zama mabuɗin don ingantaccen ci gaban inflorescences. Iska mai bushewa na iya hana ci gaban buds da asalinsu, kafin buɗewa. Zaku iya fesa ganye kawai. Sabili da haka, a lokacin furanni, zaka iya sanya tukunyar tare da lambun a cikin kwanon rufi da ruwa da haɓaka yumɓu, don kasan tukunyar ba ta taɓa ruwan ba. Sauƙawar ruwan zai samar da danshi da ake buƙata a kewayen shuka.
Lambun ruwa
A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, yakamata a kasance a ɗan ɗanɗana ƙasa, saboda haka yana da kyau a samar da wadataccen ruwa, guje wa turɓaya (ana buƙatar malalewa mai kyau) Dole ruwa kawai ya zama mai laushi, zaunar da zazzabi daki. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine don amfani, in ya yiwu, ko ruwan sama mai tsafta ko dafa shi. A cikin lokacin sanyi, muna canzawa zuwa matsakaici na ruwa.
Takin taki
A lokacin girma girma (Maris-Agusta), Gardenia bukatar a ciyar da. Tsarin takin gargajiya na tsire-tsire na cikin gida, takin kowane mako biyu. Rage adadin da aka bada shawara akan kunshin.
Juyawa daga gonar lambu
Sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu, bayan fure, ana dasa shuka, yana ƙara ƙara tukunya.
Gardenia ƙasa
Bai kamata a yarda kasancewar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa ba. Ana shirya abin da ke gaba a cikin ma'auni daidai: ƙasar turfy, coniferous, ganye, peat da yashi. Kuna iya siyan cakuda da aka gama, ƙasa don azaleas ya dace.
Yankin
Bayan fure, ya zama dole don datsa harbe zuwa 2/3 ko rabin tsayin su. Wadannan hanyoyin za'a iya amfani dasu don haihuwa. Idan kuka tsunkule firam na matasa harbe, wannan na iya zama wani zuga don bayyanar harbe-harbe a kai tsaye, wanda akan sa sabbin fure furen fure.
Gardenia yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Yawancin lokaci ana yada shi ta hanyar apical cuttings (aƙalla 10 cm) ya rage bayan pruning daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris. Suna da tushe a cikin dumin dumi, ta amfani da abubuwan ci gaba. Sa'an nan kuma rufe tare da gilashi ko jakar filastik - don samar da yanayin greenhouse. Wannan aiki ne mai tsawo. Lokacin da ƙananan ya kai 15 cm, tsunkule su.
Kuna iya sanya rassan da aka yanke kuma a cikin ruwa, amma da alama hakan zai ɗauki tushe sosai ƙasa.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi yawan kwari da suka kamu da wannan tsiro sune girman kai sune aphids, thrips, kwari kwari, da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Bayan ganowa, suna da aikin tiyata ta fesawa da kwari. Idan cutar ba ta da girma, to asirin guda ɗaya zai iya isa, idan kamuwa da cuta ya ci gaba da yaduwa, to sai an maimaita aikin (har zuwa sau uku), a riƙe tazara ta mako guda.
- Idan Ana samo filayen ulu a ƙasa daga takardar, to, matsala ce. Don farawa, cire kwari tare da soso mai narkewa a cikin maganin maganin barasa ko feshin tare da maganin kashe kwari.
- Akwai wasu matsaloli, alal misali, idan ganye ne kodadde, shuka yana rage girma a girma kuma baya yin fure - yana nufin karancin haske ko an ciyar dashi tsawon lokaci kuma ƙasa ta cika.
- Abubuwan rawaya suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki - kasar gona dole ne a acidified.
- Bar Fade, janar gaba ɗaya na shuka, buds da (ko) furanni sun faɗi - zazzabi ya yi ƙasa sosai ko saukad sun yi kaifi, ana zuba ruwan sanyi.
- Bar ya juya ya zama rawaya kuma (ko) faɗuwa - karancin adadin ruwa ko sha tare da ruwan sanyi
- Buds fadi - Ba za ku iya motsawa ko canza wurin tukunya a lokacin furanni ba. Ko bushe iska a cikin ɗakin.
- Tsarin fure - burbushi na ruwa sakamakon fesawa. Ba za ku iya fesa inflorescences da buds ba.
