Cucumbers su ne sanannen al'adun kabewa, tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara na nasara cikin nasara a duka ƙasa a cikin gonaki masu kariya. 'Ya'yan bil adama sun samu nasarar shuka ciyayi cikin shekaru sama da dubu 6, sun fito daga matakan ƙasan Himalayas har ma an ambace su cikin Baibul. Duk da asalinsa na zamanin da, kokwamba har yanzu ɓangare ne na yawancin abinci na ƙasa kuma an yi nasarar amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita masu yawa da lafiya.
Saboda kayan abinci na kayan lambu na wannan kayan lambu, yana da masu sha'awar mutane da yawa a duk faɗin duniya: kusanci ba shi da sunadarai, carbohydrates da kitsen, amma yana ƙunshe da sinadarai da yawa, wanda yake ba makawa ga lafiyar zuciya da kodan, bitamin, gami da carotene, kazalika da babban adadin abubuwan da aka gano. . Daga zamanin da, ana amfani da kokwamba a matsayin kayan shuka, har ma da kayan kwalliya.
Siffofin girma kokwamba seedlings
Don yin girma seedlings na cucumbers a gida, shi wajibi ne don kiyaye da yawa sharudda:
- Selectionasa zaɓi.
- Lokaci na dasa shuki cucumbers don shuka.
- Yanayin Haske.
- Yanayin Zazzabi.
- Dasa tsiran seedlings na cucumbers a cikin greenhouse.
Da kyau girma da kuma shirya don dasa seedlings na cucumbers ya kamata da m kamar wata na real ganye, mai ƙarfi gemu mai ƙarfi, m kore launi, da-tushen tushen tsarin (idan damar domin seedlings ne m, ya kamata ya bayyana sarai cewa duk dunƙule na ƙasa yana braided da asalinsu).
Don girma kokwamba seedlings ga greenhouse, shi wajibi ne don zaɓar abin da ake kira parthenocarpic, ko nau'in pollinated da ba su buƙatar taimakon ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari. Idan an yi niyya don buɗe ƙasa, kudan zuma ƙwayayen irin wannan kayan lambu su ma sun dace.
Abubuwan da aka shuka don siyarwa sun zo da halaye daban-daban - na yau da kullun, sarrafa su da kuma kayan tarihi.
- Dole ne a daskarar da tsaba na al'ada kafin a dasa shi: nan da nan aka zaɓi gurɓataccen yankuna da ƙananan waɗanda aka zaɓa nan da nan, kuma ragowar an nitsar da su cikin mafita mai ƙarfi na gishirin tebur - seedsa seedsan itacen da basu dace ba, kuma cikakkun zasu tafi ƙasa. An zaɓi su, an wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta da bushe ko kuma a sarrafa su nan da nan don shuka.
- Abubuwan da aka kula da su an shirya su don dasawa, galibi ana bada shawarar a shuka su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, tunda ana rufe su da wani yanki mai bakin ciki na antifungal da antimicrobial. Abubuwan ƙwaya, ban da waɗanda ke da kariya, ana kuma rufe su da kayan abinci mai gina jiki waɗanda ke ba da kyakkyawan sakamako ga tsirrai matasa masu tasowa.
- Tsabtace tsaba don shuka yana buƙatar danshi da zafi. Idan ba a tabbatar da waɗannan yanayi biyun ba, koda tsaba waɗanda sun riga sun makale na iya mutuwa. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana lullube su da zane mai bushe kuma an sanya su a wani wuri mai zafi sosai (kimanin digiri 30). Dole ne a dasa tsaba a cikin ƙananan kashin kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.
Wani muhimmin al'amari don samun kyawawan 'ya'yan dabino na cucumbers a gida shine lokacin da za a shuka cucumbers na shuka.
Idan aka yi wannan da wuri, seedlingsawan da ke ƙasa za su yi girma, suyi shimfiɗa, kuma za su kasance rawaya da laushi. Irin wannan seedlings ne wanda ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa samar da karfi da lafiya na rayayye fruiting shuka.
Idan har an sami jinkiri ga dasa shuki na shuka ga tsirrai, tsirrai za su yi ƙanana da rauni, ɗaukar tushe a cikin ƙasa zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa kuma amfanin gona zai juya ya yi latti.
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki na cucumbers na shuka shine kwanaki 20-25 kafin ranar da za'a shirya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ko greenhouse.
A zabi na kasar gona domin kokwamba seedlings
Don haɓaka aiki mai inganci da ingantaccen fruiting, yana da kyau a dasa shuki na cucumbers na tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, mai kama da sinadaran da kayan haɗin keɓaɓɓiyar zuwa wanda shuka zai ci gaba da rayuwa. A wannan yanayin, tushen karamin kokwamba zai kasance da sauƙi a cikin girma a cikin sabon yanayi kuma samun gindin zama a ciki.
Da zaran farkon ganyen cotyledon sun bayyana, dole ne a sanya seedlings na cucumbers a cikin mai sanyaya da haske. Wannan ya zama dole don ɓangaren tushe a ƙarƙashin cotyledons baya shimfiɗa, samar da rauni mai rauni, mai rauni. Haske yana buƙatar abubuwa da yawa, amma ya kamata a nisantar da hasken rana kai tsaye - suna iya ƙona ganye mai laushi mai laushi. Shayar da seedlings da ruwa mai dumi, aka fesa kawai a farkon rabin rana a yanayin da ba ya zafin rana ko kuma a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Kokwamba suna son iska mai laushi, amma kada ku yi haƙuri "barin" da dare tare da ganye mai rigar - a cikin wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire da sauri suna kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
Take hakkin tsarin zazzabi, kamar zafi mai wuce kima da hauhawar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na shuka, musamman a hade tare da ƙara zafi na iska da ƙasa, suna haifar da cutar "baƙar fata". Tare da wannan nau'in tushen rot, wani yanki mai baƙar fata ya bayyana a gindin ƙwayar shuka, kusa da ƙasa kanta, haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta da mutuwar gaba ɗayan kore. Ba zai yiwu a ceci tsiron da ya shafa ba, dole ne a cire shi cikin gaggawa kuma a lalata shi tare da ƙasa - shine tushen cutar. Sauran seedlings dole ne a bi da su tare da fungicides.
Mafi kyau duka ƙasa abun da ke ciki na kokwamba seedlings:
- Soddy ko ƙasa humus.
- Peat.
- Yaki.
- Lambatu (kara zuwa kasan tukunyar don cire danshi mai laushi). Za'a iya amfani da yumɓu masu yumɓu, yumɓu mai ruɓi, huhun sunflower da sauran kayan talla.
Dace iri mai kyau
Dole ne a dasa itace mai laushi ko an kula da tsaba a cikin kwantena na mutum, tun da kokwamba ba ya jure lalacewar tushen lokacin dasawa ba. Irin waɗannan seedlings suna da tushe na dogon lokaci, suna rashin lafiya kuma suna iya mutuwa. Ko da kafaffen shuka zai zama ƙasa da amfani sosai fiye da girma a cikin gilashi kuma shuka tare da duka clod na duniya.
Wajibi ne a dasa shuki na tsire-tsire na shuka na tsaba 2 a cikin tanki guda ɗaya don tabbatar da adadin ofan tsire-tsire da ya dace. Bayan ka taurara tsaba da kuma fadada ganyen cotyledon, dole ne a cire ciyawar mai rauni, in ba haka ba duka biyun kokwamba za su raunana saboda gasar saboda ruwa, haske da abubuwan gina jiki. Ba za ku iya cire ko fitar da shuka ba - yana iya cire ragowar tushen ɗayan ragowar tare da ita kuma lalata su. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce a hankali a yanke shi ko a yanke shi a matakin ƙasa, sauran kashi ɗin a hankali zai bazu ba tare da lahani ga shuka ta biyu ba. Yanzu seedling zai yi fili kuma zai sami wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.
Me za a yi idan an kara tsawon kokwamba?
Elongated kodadde seedlings ne na kowa idan aka girma a gida. Don hana wannan faruwa, kuna buƙatar canza yanayi biyu na ƙwayar kokwamba girma - zazzabi da haske.
Dole ne a rage yawan zafin jiki na iska zuwa kusan digiri 15, kuma ya kamata a ƙara dasa haske a cikin ƙwayoyin, idan akwai haske sosai, wannan dole ne a yi agogo.
A kan windows masu haske, ya isa a sanya gefen da manyan madubai waɗanda za su nuna hasken rana akan shuki. Wani lokaci ya isa ya shirya kofuna tare da cucumbers daga juna, musamman idan suna da manyan ganyayyaki waɗanda ke ɓoye junan su.
Idan tsire-tsire masu tsayi sosai, ana iya taimakawa lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Irin wannan shuka yana a hankali a hankali kuma binne shi ga cotyledons ko a hankali yafa masa ƙasa mai laushi da kwance. Babban yanayin rayuwa mai kyau na 'yan elongated shine a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai danshi, ba ƙasa mara laushi ba.
Idan ya zama dole shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, ƙasa a kusa da irin wannan shuka an rufe shi da fim mai duhu wanda ya tara zafin rana da kuma ɗora danshi. A wannan yanayin, ɓangaren karar da aka binne a cikin ƙasa ba zai ruɓe ba, amma zai ba da ƙarin Tushen kuma tallafa wa rauni na elongated seedling. Bayan wani lokaci, zai zama abu mai ƙarfi da tsire-tsire iri ɗaya kamar kowa.
Seedlings na cucumbers da sauri fara Bloom, har ma a cikin kofuna waɗanda na farko an riga an kafa buds. Wannan ba ya cutar da ingancin kyawawan ƙwayar lafiyayyen ƙwayar cuta, amma yana iya ɗaukar ƙananan runduna daga rauni.
Don irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, zai fi kyau a cire fure na farko kuma a ba da shuka damar ɗaukar tushe sosai a cikin ƙasa, inganta lafiyarta da kuma kafa daji mai ƙarfi.
Wannan tsire-tsire zai ba da fruita fruitan lateran lokaci kaɗan fiye da sauran, amma zai hanzarta cim da lokacin da ya ɓace kuma zai kasance daidai da yawan amfanin ƙasa ga sauran mutanen. Dasa tare da buds ko furanni, rauni ko elongated seedlings zai yi rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, na iya sauke buds har ma da kwai, kuma a sakamakon haka zai ba da muchan itace da yawa.
Seedlingsan itacen dabino da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe ko a cikin greenhouse suna da yawan buƙatar zafi sama da wasu albarkatu, amma ba za su iya yin haƙuri da shi ba idan akwai digo na ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki da dare. A wannan yanayin, da sauri seedlings da kamuwa da cutar powdery mildew, daga abin da dukan plantation ko "yawan" na greenhouse na iya mutu.
Sabili da haka, ana shayar da cucumbers da safe tare da ruwan dumi, ƙoƙarin kada ya bar ganye mai laushi har maraice. Idan ya cancanta, ana fesa tsire-tsire, amma saboda suna da lokaci su bushe da dare.
Dankali na daya daga cikin albarkatun gona na godiya, wanda, tare da kulawa da karancin kulawa, zasu gode wa masu su da girbin yalwatacce da dadi.
Karanta game da girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse a cikin labarinmu na gaba.
