Beech daji ko kamar yadda ake kiranta da Turai - itace mai ban sha'awa. Wadannan bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi da siriri suna samar da wuraren shakatawa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda shiru da natsuwa dusk ke mulki. Ta hanyar kambi na wannan itaciyar haskoki na rana da wuya shiga, wanda daidai ceta a kan rani zafi zafi. Beech ya dace sosai don gyaran jiki da yankan, saboda haka ana amfani dasu da ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar shinge mai zurfi, fewan shinge na sihiri da ganuwar.
Homelandasar haihuwar ƙungiyar kudan zuma ta Turai ita ce arewacin hemisphere. A zahiri, kallo ɗaya daga cikin wannan bishiyar ya isa ya hango wurin asalin asalinsa, ana jinsa cikin nutsuwa. Beech Yana son haske da kyawawan shayarwa. Yana iya girma zuwa mita 50 sama. Kuma bisa doka, ana iya la'akari da itace mai tsufa-hanta. Dasa tare da tsaba.
Bayanin ƙudan kudan zuma
Idan kayi bayanin bishiyar, to lallai yakamata a lura da wadannan abubuwan: a farko dai, beech babban itace ne yadawo tare da busasshiyar haske mai haushi. Autumn beech foliage juya launin rawaya da dama. Gangar jikin bishiyar inci ya kai mita daya da rabi. Treeks na itace, wanda ya wuce shekaru ɗari, na iya zuwa mita uku a diamita. Kambi na kudan zuma yana yaduwa, nesa, daga sama. A lokaci guda, rassan bishiyar sun yi kauri, buɗe, a cikin tsaye suna kama da suna son kaiwa ga itacen maƙwabta.
Beech yakan bada 'ya'ya a cikin manya, ya kai shekara ashirin zuwa arba'in, idan an dasa bishiyu sittin zuwa tamanin. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 500, yayin da karuwar ke ba har zuwa shekaru 350.
A kan bishiyoyi matasa, haushi yana da launi mai launin shuɗi, akan manya yana da launin toka, yayin da yake santsi da bakin ciki, ana kiyaye wannan fasalin haushi a cikin shuka har tsawon rayuwa.
Tushen Beech sun cancanci ambaci na musamman. Suna da iko sosai kuma a lokaci guda mara nauyi, a cikin bishiyoyin da suka manyanta sukan yi birgima zuwa saman. Tushen tushen da aka ambata ba ya nan. Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa tushen bishiyoyin beech waɗanda ke kusa da juna a cikin gandun daji suna da haɗin gwiwa, suna haifar da zane-zane da ƙarancin ƙira wanda ke shimfiɗa ƙasa, wanda yana iya kama da tarko na manyan macizai.
'Ya'yan itaciya suna mai tsawo. Ana shirya ganyen ƙabe ta ƙasan Turai a gaba, a cikin layi biyu, tare da ioanyen fure a ƙasa. Fushin yana da fadi-yanayin siffar elliptical, yana da launin koren launi mai haske, mai launin rawaya a faɗo, sannan ya sami launin ruwan kasa.
Furanni na Beech suna da maza ne, lokacin da suke fure. 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen bishiyan bishiyoyi ne na ƙoshin gaske tare da haƙarƙari. Harsashi na irin wannan goro mai laushi ne mai kauri, mai kimanin santimita daya da rabi. Lokacin girbi shine ƙarshen bazara - farkon kaka. Zub da kwayoyi na faruwa a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba. A matsakaici, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga ƙudan zuma ɗaya na Turai kusan kilo takwas na kwayoyi. Girbi yana faruwa yayin da 'ya'yan itacen suka cika gaba ɗaya.
Abubuwan amfani masu amfani da itace na kudan zuma
Itace Beech yana da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa na musamman. Abubuwan da ke cikin mahimman abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kwayoyi beech suna da ban sha'awa.
Bugu da kari, kudan zuma da ganyayyaki suna da tamanin gaske. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine kwayoyi beech suna ɗanɗano ɗan bambanci da kwayoyi na Pine. Abinci ne ga mazaunan gandun daji da kuma ainihin abin da mutane ke so. Koyaya, a cikin nau'ikan albarkatun su, suna da lahani ga mutane kuma ba za a iya cinye su ba, ya zama dole a soya su, tunda suna dauke da ruwan fagin mai ɗaci, wanda ke cutarwa ga mutane.
Daga ƙwayayen kudan zuma, ana samun mai wanda yake kama da inganci da kaddarorin almond da zaitun. Ana amfani dashi a sassa da yawa na ayyukan ɗan adam: dafa abinci, magani, kayan kwalliya da sauran su. Yana da launi mai rawaya mai haske. Beech pulp cake yana cike da furotin kuma ana amfani dashi sosai don ciyar da dabbobi, wanda hakan ba ya ƙin jin daɗin wannan samfurin yana da amfani ta kowace hanya. Ganyayyaki beech na Turai suna ɗauke da bitamin K da tannins. Anyi amfani da kudan zuma da ganyayyaki a cikin maganin mutane na ƙarni don magance cututtukan ciki da na hanji.
Kudan Kudancin Turai shine ainihin itace na duniya, yana da sauƙi kuma ba a fassara shi a cikin aiki. Itatuwan itace suna da ƙima a cikin kayanta na itacen oak. Beech an yadu sosai kuma yana aiki sosai a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, kamar yadda itacen ya kafa kanta da ƙarfi, karko da kyakkyawan bayyanar, duka kafin kuma bayan aiki. Bushewa na itace yana da sauri, kuma bayan wannan tsari kusan babu wasu fasa a kan samfurin da aka gama saboda yawan komowar itacen. Bayan aiki, busassun katako ya sami cikakkiyar santsi kuma za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan ƙanshi don kera kayan kida, parquet da ƙari sosai.
Beech itace ne mara misalai. Yana da cikakkiyar daidaituwa a kan ƙasa na kowane abin da ke ciki, yana son zafi da danshi mai yalwa, mai sanyi ne mai tsayayya, amma zai iya fama da tsananin sanyi.
Karin kwari da cututtuka na gandun beech
Abin mamaki shine, amma irin wannan shuka mai ƙarfi kamar beech na Turai yana da saurin kamuwa da cututtukan da ba a sani ba da kuma hare-hare na kwaro.
Saboda haka, a cikin mummunan yanayin rayuwa, ƙudan zuma na Turai na iya haɓaka cutar fungal (marmara rot, cancer stem, seedling rot, farin na gefe tushen rot). Daga cikin wakilan fauna, mafi mashahuri karin kwari ana zaton su zama sanannun haushi da masu cin ƙwaya, da kuma wakilan dabbobin daji, da dabbobi masu shayarwa da kudan zuma.
Yin amfani da gandun daji
Itace kudan zuma ta Turai ta shahara sosai a fannoni daban daban na ayyukan ɗan adam. Ana samar da nau'ikan kayan ado iri iri daga gare ta kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin masana'antar ginin. Beech na Turai shine tushen kwal, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin maganin mutane kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa a cikin fata da gashi. Beech ash yana ɗayan kayan girki don yin gilashi, kuma itace itace yana da kyau don ƙone murhu. Hakanan abin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa itace beech na Turai har ma da Birch shine mafi ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa don samarwa takarda. Idan muka ɗauki masana'antar abinci, ana amfani da kwakwalwan ƙoshin itace a cikin ciyawa don shan sigari, a magani kuma ana amfani da kuzarin kudan zuma na cosmetology don maganin tsufa.
Beech ana ɗaukar wata itaciya ce na musamman na ornamental saboda ɗabi'arta da launinta, tana da ban mamaki a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma hanyoyin kwalliya, za su yi kyakkyawan kamfani a cikin kowane yanki na tsirrai, furanni da bishiyoyi. Bugu da kari, kambin itacen yana ba da kwantar da hankali ga ceton rai a rana mai zafi. Beech yana da jituwa da ban mamaki tare da irin waɗannan wakilan duniyar shuka kamar fir, Birch, Maple, itacen oak, spruce, har ma da bushes na Lilac da juniper. Idan ƙasa a buɗe take, to, beech ɗin Turai zai zama madaidaici mai haske a cikin irin wannan saukowa guda.
Saboda dacewarta a bangarori da dama na aikin ɗan adam, ƙabilar 'Bee sapiens' ta lalata gandun daji. A halin yanzu, irin waɗannan gandun daji suna ƙarƙashin tsaro na wata sananniyar ƙungiyar UNESCO. Har ila yau ana kula da wuraren da aka shuka ciyayi na Turai ta hanyar fasahar wucin gadi.
