Sweet, farkon ripening cherries suna ƙaunar da yawa. 'Yan lambu suna tunanin yadda ake shuka cherry mai kyau daga zuriya, wanda saboda wasu dalilai ba zai iya samun damar amfani da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri ba ko kuma waɗanda ba su damu da ganin yadda wannan gwajin ya ƙare ba.
Siffofin cherries girma daga cikin rami
Idan aka kwatanta da dangi mafi kusa, cherries, cherries ba su da hunturu-Hardy kuma a cikin nau'in daji ba a samo su a arewacin kudu da Ukraine, Moldova, Kuban. Don "hora" kyakkyawa ta kudanci, don koya mata ta ba da 'ya'ya a cikin wuraren da ke da yanayin canjin yanayin da kuma bayar da wadatattun albarkatu, masu shayarwa sun kirkiro tsiron da kabeji, gami da tsire-tsire masu haɗa kaddarorin da cherries. Tsayayyar kai ya zama biyan kuɗi don sayan kaddarorin masu amfani. Wannan shine, don pollination a cikin gonar da aka dasa bishiyoyi da yawa a lokaci daya, wanda ya dace da lokacin nau'in furanni.
Shin zai yuwu a shuka ceri mai zaki daga dutse? Haka ne, amma zai zama da matukar wahala a tantance ire-irensa. Zai yuwu cewa zuriya daga babban Berry mai zaki da ƙarshe zasu juye zuwa wani tsuntsu na daji tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Koyaya, irin wannan seedling, idan aka kwatanta tare da seedlings da aka saya, yana da fa'idodi masu yawa waɗanda zasu taimaka wa mai gonar ya sami Hardy, kuma daga baya ya shuka tsire-tsire:
- tare da ƙara yawan zafin rana na hunturu;
- tare da kyakkyawan dacewa ga yanayin gida;
- tare da rage mai saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtukan gama gari na 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse.
Sweetan ƙanƙara mai zaki zai haifar da 'ya'yan itace, amma godiya ga waɗannan halaye, bishiyoyi sun sami riba sosai don amfani dashi azaman hannun jari don cultivars da hybrids.
Wasu nau'ikan guda biyu wani lokaci ana liƙaɗa su kan tsire-tsire a lokaci guda. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da damar pollination, ƙyale ba tare da ƙara farashin dasa pollinators don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa ba.
Zabi da shiri na kyawawan ceri tsaba
Germination a mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace da dutse yana da kyau qwarai. Daga 10 drupes, cherries 7-8 ya kasance mai ƙarfi, mai saurin tsiro. Ko cherries ya girma daga zuriya ya dogara ne akan ingancin zuriyar da ingantaccen shiri.
Don haɓaka dama, ya fi kyau ka ɗauki drupes daga cikakke ko kuma alreadyya alreadyyan itaciyar da ta riga ta ɓace. Launin thean tsoka, da sauƙin zai iya kyankyasar. Abubuwan bushe da aka adana daga bara ba su dace ba. Amma abin da za a yi, saboda dasa a cikin rabin na biyu na bazara zai haifar da rauni na sprouts, wanda a lokacin hunturu gudu hadarin shimfidawa ko ma mutu?
Yana yiwuwa a adana germination da ƙarfin tsaba ta hanyar sanya su a cikin yashi daɗaɗa da yashi a baya. Bugu da kari, a cikin wannan tsari, drupe ya dace don aikawa da saurin canzawa, wanda yake sauƙaƙe hunturu a cikin yanayin yanayi kuma zai shirya amfrayo a cikin bawo don sadaukarwar abokantaka.
Eningarfin drupes na ceri mai zaki kafin dasa shuki
A yankuna daban-daban, shirye-shiryen 'ya'yan ceri mai zaki kafin dasa su a cikin ƙasa yana da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. A can nesa, a takaice lokacin da ake saurin yankewa da mafi girma da damar samun karfi harbe yayin kaka maimakon shuka shuka:
- A cikin Crimea, a kudu na Ukraine, a cikin Kuban da kuma a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar, ana ajiye kayan dasa a cikin yashi mai sanyi har zuwa kaka. Sa'an nan drupes hunturu da kyau a karkashin yanayin yanayi, kuma a cikin bazara harbe bayyana.
- A kudu na yankin Black Earth, a cikin Rostov Yankin kuma a cikin Tervropol Territory, drupes sun kasance cikin matsanancin m na tsawon watanni 5. Kuma daga farkon kaka, kasusuwa suna yin tauraro a cikin yanayin yanayi.
- A tsakiyar layin hunturu, sun yi tsauri sosai ga tsaba, saboda haka ana adana su tsawon watanni 6 a zazzabi na 1-5 ° C a cikin yashi, cakuda-yashi cakuda ko vermiculite, kuma an shuka shi cikin ƙasa bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Kafin tsaba su yi taurara, ana bi da su da fungicides. Wannan gwargwado yana ƙara kiyayewa, yana hana haɓaka mai ƙira waɗanda ke haifar da saurin shiga cikin akwati mai rufewa tare da babban zafi.
Kafin fitar da tsaba, ana kula da cherry a kai a kai, ana jera su kuma iska. A farkon bazara, ana kwashe kwantena tare da tsaba zuwa baranda ko kuma tsakar gida, inda ake yayyafa su da dusar ƙanƙara.
Yadda za a shuka iri mai ceri mai zaki?
Lokacin da bawo ke rarrabewa da tsiro ya bayyana tsakanin su, lokacin dasa su zo. Don girma ceri mai zaki daga dutse a gida, kuna buƙatar:
- filastik ko tukunyar yumbu tare da ƙarfin akalla lita 0.5;
- magudanar ruwa, wanda aka zuba a ƙasan tare da Layer na 3-4 cm;
- gari mai gina jiki mai amfani ga albarkatun gona.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin m, dan kadan compacted ƙasa zuwa zurfin of 1 cm, to, yafa masa wani substrate kuma moistened sake. Idan an dasa drupes a cikin akwati na gama gari, to, aƙalla aƙalla aƙalla 10-15 cm keɓaɓɓe a tsakanin su.Da yadda tsaran suke girma, suna narkewa, sannan su canza zuwa babban akwati.
Har zuwa shekara guda, bishiyoyi matasa ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, banda shayarwa da na yau da kullun, amma yin hankali da kwance ƙasa. Yakamata a sanyaya cikin ƙasa kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa, idan kuma seedlingsa growan tsiran suka girma a buɗe, to sau ɗaya kowanne sati 2-3.
Formationwararren kambi yana farawa a shekara ta biyu, wanda yake mahimmanci musamman idan shuka zai ci gaba da girma a cikin tukunya. Thean itacen ceri wanda ya girma ya sake canzawa zuwa babban akwati.
Inoculation na zaki da ceri
Girma seedling ya juya ya zama itace, wanda tsawon shekaru 4 - 5 zai iya yin fure ya samar da kwai na farko. Koyaya, ban da inganci kuma ba za'a iya kwatanta shi da mahaifi ba. Yaya za a yi girma ceri mai zaki daga dutse, wanda kowane bazara zai ba da gidan bazara a watsar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki?
Hanya guda ita ce alurar riga kafi. Ana iya aiwatar da shi a shekara ta uku bayan shuka. A matsayin ɗan saƙo, zaka iya zaɓar kowane ɗayan samammun, wanda aka zana don yankin da aka bayar.
A kan ƙananan rassan diamita, ya fi sauƙi don yin rigakafi a tsaga. Don yin wannan, shirya a gaba wata kyakkyawar makama tare da kodan lafiya da yawa kuma yanke shi, yin yanke mai tsabta. Hannun ya gajarta, yana barin 15-18 cm daga ƙasa.
Domin yin rigakafin ƙwayar zuriya mai kyau don cin nasara, yana da mahimmanci a tsabta. Kafin aiki, ana wanke kayan aiki tare da barasa. Shouldasa kada ta faɗi akan sassan mai santsi.
Cleavage a cikin tushen gangar jikin yana aikata zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm, wanda zai tabbatar da ingantacciyar hulɗa da rayuwa mai kyau. Da zaran an hada itacen, za'a girka wurin da abun toshiya tare da banza tef, adon waje, ko wasu kayan makamancinsu. Mai biyo baya shine aiki na gonar var.
Gaskiyar cewa muhimmin aiki ya sami nasara an gano shi ta bayyanar da ƙuruciya matasa sama da wurin alurar. Daga wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan tashin hankali kuma a hankali suna horar da itacen don buɗewa a buɗe. Ana yalwataccen ceri ɗin da aka dasa a kaka ko kuma bazara, gwargwadon mazaunin lambu.
