A herbaceous perennial shuka na tumaki (Helictotrichon) wakilin iyali Myatlikovye ko hatsi. Dangane da bayanin da aka karɓa daga kafofin daban-daban, wannan asalin ya haɗu da jinsin 40-90. Sunan kimiyya na irin wannan tsiron an kirkireshi ne daga wasu kalmomin Girka guda biyu, wanda yake nufin "gashi mai jujjuya", wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa launuka masu launi a kasan suna karkatarwa. A cikin daji, ana iya samun tumaki a Eurasia (ba kawai a cikin yankuna masu yanayin zafi ba), har ma a Kudu da Arewacin Afirka. A cikin Asiya har ma da Afirka, ana samun wannan al'ada a tsaunuka. Ba tare da ban da banda ba, duk nau'in tumaki suna da tsire-tsire na kiwo, amma tunda ganyayen sa ke da wuya, da wuya ake amfani da shi azaman ciyar da dabbobi. Tumbin tunkiya, ko farin oats, ko oats masu rai (Latin Helictotrichon sempervirens = Avena candida = Avena sempervirens), wanda aka girma a matsayin hatsi na ornamental, sun shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu. Asalinsu daga Yammacin Bahar Rum da Alps, ana samun sa a tsawan nisan mita 2.4 sama da matakin teku.
Siffofin tumakin
Tumbin kogin welgreen shine mafi girman tsiro herbaceous shuka, tsayin daka wanda zai iya bambanta daga 30 zuwa 100 santimita. Isan daji yakan iya girma har zuwa santimita 100. Tushen tushen wannan tunkiya yana da ban tsoro kuma yana kwance da zurfi. Takaitaccen kafaffen filayen kwano na layin kwalliya a tsawon su sun kai 50 cm, sun zama babban dunƙule. Launinsu ya bambanta da launin toka-shuɗi zuwa kore-launin toka. Ganyen ya kai tsawon mil 1.5, a kansa akwai kunkuntar launin kore mai launin toka-toka, yana kai tsawon 40 zuwa 100 mm. Ana lura da yawo daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Wannan nau'in itace Hardy na hunturu, kuma yana da matukar ado, dangane da wannan, ana yawan amfani dashi a cikin shimfidar wurare da ƙirar shimfidar wuri.
Sayen tumaki a buɗe ƙasa
Dokokin saukarwa
'Yan lambu sun gwammace su fara kiwon tumaki ta hanyar rarraba daji, wanda yake hanya ce mai sauƙi. Idan a cikin lambun ku har yanzu babu irin wannan hatsi duk da haka, to kuna iya haɓaka shi daga tsaba da aka saya. An shuka su ne kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin bazara, yayin da suke buƙatar binne shi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 20 mm kawai. Don seedlings na wannan shuka mai sauƙi ne don kulawa. Idan ya cancanta, suna buƙatar shayar da su, kuma har yanzu wasu lokuta sukan kwance ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire. Da girma harbe bukatar a dasa, sabõda haka, sun kasance mafi sarari. Lokacin dasawa, tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa.
Idan ana so, ana iya girma tumaki ta hanyar shuka. Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin bazara. A saboda wannan, ana amfani da tukwane na mutum ɗaya, saboda lokacin da ake sake yin ruwa ko kuma fitar da wata toho daga magudanar gama gari, ana iya lalata tsarin tushensu cikin sauƙin. Lokacin da seedlings suka sami ƙarfi, dole ne a dasa su cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana bada shawara don yin wannan ta hanyar hanyar narkar da su. Don yin wannan, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na farko, sannan an ɗauki wuka kuma an ɗora ta gefen baya tsakanin substrate da ganuwar ganga a ko'ina cikin zurfin. Sakamakon haka, cakuda ƙasa zata rabu da bangon tukunyar. Bayan haka, ana ɗora kwandon a gefenta kuma an cire daji daga ciki tare da cakuda ƙasa. Sannan an sanya shi cikin rami, wanda dole ne a shirya shi a gaba. Filin kyauta a cikin ramin an rufe shi da ƙasa. A lokacin juyawa, an haramta jan ko jan dabbar.
Don haɓaka irin wannan al'adar, yanki mai cike da hasken wuta ya dace. Yana da kyau sosai idan yana a cikin kudancin gonar. A kan murabba'in mita 1 na shafin an bada shawarar shuka nono sama da 4. Lokacin ƙirƙirar shinge na tumaki yayin dasa tsakanin bushes, ana lura da nisa daga 0.4-0.5 m. Tare da dasa ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shuka, nisan da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin ya kasance ya fi girma kaɗan. A ganiya domin girma tumaki ne a matsakaici bushe da sako-sako da ƙasa, yayin da ya kamata zama mara haihuwa. Irin wannan al'ada ba za ta yi girma a kan al'ada da ƙasa mai laushi ba, kuma wuraren inuwa ba su dace da ita ba. Idan ka dasa tumaki a cikin inuwa, to, ciyawar sa zata rasa tasirin kayan adon, saboda kawai zai zama kore.
Kula da tumaki a gonar
Lokacin da aka girma a cikin yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi, irin wannan shuka ba ya buƙatar shayarwa ko da ranakun zafi da bushe. Wannan nau'in ya saba da canjin tsaunin, don haka idan an lura da yanayin zafi sosai a ranakun zafi, wannan zai shafi fure. Shayar tumaki wajibi ne kawai lokacin da aka sami tsawan fari, saboda rashin ruwa a daji, girman sabon ganye zai tsaya, kuma tsohon zai fara bushewa.
Don adana kwalliyar irin wannan shuka, ba ta buƙatar ciyar da sau da yawa. Kwanaki 7 bayan an dasa daji a cikin ƙasa bude, dole ne a ciyar dashi ta amfani da adadin adadin takin. Bayan wannan, ana yin sutturar miya ta 1 a kowace kakar tare da takin ma'adinan hadaddun.
Cin nasara
Lokacin da furanni na wannan shuka ya ƙare, inflorescences da suka rasa ingancinsu ya kamata a cire su. Irin wannan hatsi don tsari na hunturu ba a buƙata. A lokacin hunturu na farko, launi na daji baya juyawa kuma yana wanzuwa launin shuɗi-shuɗi. A cikin bazara, ana iya samo faranti na ganye a cikin ciyawar lush, suna kama da kulle masu launin toka. Domin tsire-tsire ya sake zama mai kyan gani, dole ne a cire waɗannan ganye, yayin da dole ne a yi ƙoƙarin kama hannunka kusa da gindin farantin a wuri-wuri. Lokacin da hunturu na uku ya ƙare, shuka zai buƙaci sake sabunta shi.
Tumakin kiwo
Irin waɗannan hatsi suna yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji da tsaba. Game da hanyar iri za'a iya karantawa a sama. Lokacin da hunturu na uku ya ƙare, daji zai rasa kyawun tsohuwar sa, don haka yana buƙatar cire shi daga ƙasa, ya rarrabu zuwa sassa kuma dasa. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a bazara. Idan an dasa daji ko an raba shi da kaka, to zai yi rauni sosai, kuma idan hunturu mai ruwa ya fito, to wataƙila rot ɗin zai bayyana a kan shuka. Shekaru uku bushes jure wa rabo da dasawa da kyau.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Tumaki yana da tsananin juriya ga kwari. Idan lokacin bazara ya zama zafi da danshi, kuma ƙasa a yankin da irin wannan hatsi ke tsiro ba shi da matsala, to, tushen tsarin daji yana iya yiwuwa cutar cutar za ta iya shafar ta, kuma yana iya ɓarna a jikinsa a cikin hunturu.
Idan yanayi yayi zafi kuma zafi yayi yawa, to saboda wannan fure, tumakin ya zama da wuya, kuma a karshen lokacin bazara, tsintsiya zata iya shafawa. Don hana wannan cuta don haɓakar hatsi, an bada shawara don zaɓar waɗancan yankunan da aka busa sosai. Ya kamata a fesa bushes mai ƙwaya da ƙwayar cuta, misali, Bordeaux ruwa.
Idan tsarin tushen ya lalace, to za a buƙaci a cire daji daga ƙasa, sannan kuma a datse duk wuraren da abin ya shafa da kyau. Sanya abin yanka dole ne a yayyafa shi da baƙin ƙarfe. Bayan wannan, ana shuka shuka a wani wuri, yayin da ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa zai buƙaci magudanar ruwa sosai.
Nau'in da nau'ikan tunkiya da hotuna da sunaye
Sheepabilar tumaki da ke tafe sun fi shahara a tsakanin lambu:
Epan Tumbin (Helictotrichon hamada)
Wannan nau'in steppe shine Yammacin Turai da yammacin Asiya. A cikin yankuna da yawa na Tarayyar Rasha, an jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Red kuma ana ɗaukar shi cikin haɗari. Irin wannan tumakin yana da daskararrun yawan ciyawar daji. Tsawon daji zai iya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa mita 0.5. Ganyen irin wannan tsiron yana kange tare. Rowuntataccen tsoro inflorescences ya ƙunshi spikelets 2 ko 3, wanda ya kai kusan santimita 1.4 a tsayi. Fruita ofan tumakin iri ɗaya ne da na sauran wakilan dangin Cereals, wato hatsi. Ana shuka wannan nau'in da ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kuma a matsayinka na mai mulki, an girma kamar tsire-tsire na gwaji.
Furuffy tumaki (Helictotrichon pubescens), ko kuma tumakin gidan
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan tumakin a cikin Caucasus, a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, a Turai, Tsakiya da Asiya ,arama, da kuma a kudancin Siberiya, yayin da ya fi son girma cikin abubuwan farin ciki, ciyawa da kuma steppes. Tsawon daji ya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa mita 1.2. Rhizome gajere ne. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, faranti ganye ne mai watsuwa tare da gajeren gajere, gashi na ganyayyaki shine 0.4-1 santimita. Tsawon farfajiyar inflorescences ne game da santimita 15, sun hada da kore mai launin furanni biyu-hudu (wanda aka samo tare da tsiri mai launin shuɗi) spikelets, tsawon sa shine santimita 1.2-1.7. Wannan tsiro mai iya samar da abinci mai albarka idan ya girma a cikin wani wuri mai ban ruwa ko ambaliyar ruwa. Lokacin da girma a kan ƙasa bushe, ganye a kusa da bushes zama sosai m da nauyi pubescent.
Tumbin tumaki
Ana iya samun bayanin wannan nau'in a farkon labarin. A hankali sanannen sanannen wannan nau'in a tsakanin lambu da mai shayarwa yana ci gaba da girma. Shahararrun nau'in lambun:
- Pendula - fure kunnena na daji drooping da nauyi;
- Robust - yana da tsayayyen tsauraran tsatsa, har ma a lokacin bazara;
- Sapphire sprudel - da shuka ne tsayayya da tsatsa, foliage ana fentin a cikin wani arziki mai launin shuɗi-m launi, wani cascade na spikelets na azurfa launi siffofin kusa da daji.
