Passiflora - "Cavalier Star"

Passiflora yana cikin babban (kusan nau'in 300) dangi mai so, wanda ya hada ganye da ciyayi da yawa. Passiflora tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin zafi, sabili da haka, yana girma a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙananan kwari: a Kudancin Amurka, Guinea, Australiya, New Zealand, Madagascar, Sumatra, da dai sauransu Passiflora yana girma a wurare daban-daban - gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, steppes, savannas, da hamada.

Passiflora (wani suna don shuka "passionflower") ɗayan kyawawan tsire-tsire ne da ba a sani ba a duniya. Passionflower da gaske baya kama da sauran fure. A cikin faffadan faifan launuka masu haske, mai haske mai haske mai kyau, wani kambi mai haske mai tsayi ta madaidaiciya ko zaren murfin wuta. A tsakiyar furanni tsaye wani ovary tare da uku crosswise stigmas kewaye da biyar stamens tare da manyan oblong anthers. Ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana fure mai so. Dole ne ku gan ta da idanunku.

Passionflower blue ko Cavalier star ko Passiflora blue. © Nacho

A farkon karni na XX. Masu wa'azin mishan na Spain da suka zo Kudancin Amurka bayan Columbus sun yi mamakin ganin fure mai kyan gani. A kambi na perianth kama su kamar kambi na ƙaya, kan gado da kuma pestle - kamar kayan aikin azabtarwa, kuma gabã ɗaya - kamar "kayan aiki na sha'awar Ubangiji." Saboda haka sunan passiflora, ya ƙunshi kalmomin Latin guda biyu - so da launi, wanda a cikin fassarar Rasha tana nufin iri ɗaya.

Akwai wani kyakkyawan sunan Rasha don soyayyar fure - "tauraruwar Cavalier." Don kyawunta, walwala da annashuwa, an kwatanta furanni mai ban sha'awa tare da tauraruwar Cavalier - ɗayan kyautuka masu kyau na Tsarist Russia, tauraruwar Dokokin Manzo Andrew thean Farko, wanda aka yi wa ado da zinari, lu'u-lu'u da lu'u-lu'u. Ba za a iya cewa babban komandan wannan umarnin shi ne babban kwamandan Suvorov. Irin wannan labarin na sunan Rasha na biyu passiflora.

Soyayyar fure mai kauna, ko 'ya'yan itace mai son Brazil. Ick Dick Culbert

Abubuwan ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa furanni masu waka sun ba da waka, masu zane-zanen zane. A cikin ƙasashe na kudanci, an yi amfani da fure mai son sha'awa a matsayin shuka mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa: godiya ga antennae ta, tana kunshe da gidaje, arbor da trellises. Hakanan za'a iya ganin fure mai ban sha'awa a cikin lambuna na birni da wuraren shakatawa, da hotonta - a cikin zanen sanannun masters na karni na XVIII-XIX.

A cikin gida da yawa na duniya, an yi fure mai zurfi ba kawai saboda furanni ba, har ma saboda ƙanshin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ake ci, Tushen magani da ganyayyaki. Mazauna ƙasashen Kudancin suna son 'ya'yan itaciyar ɗan itacen ƙauna. Naman jikinsu mai daɗi ne, mai kyawu, mai kama da 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan iri.

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 tare da 'ya'yan itace mai cinye ne sanannu, amma ba duka ba ne aka gabatar da su a cikin al'adun gargajiyar. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da launuka iri-iri - daga rawaya zuwa shunayya. Siffar 'ya'yan itacen shi ma ya fi bambance bambancen: m, mai sihiri ko tsallake. Ganyayyaki uku ne ko biyar.

Passionflower blue ko Passiflora shudi, cultivar “Constance Eliott”. Seán A. O'Hara

Abincin abinci mai saurin cin abinci shine ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Jelly, ice cream, sorbet da abubuwan sha daban-daban ana yinsu ne daga itsan'yan itaccan mai daɗin ƙanshi mai daɗi zuwa 9 cm tsayi. Amma mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace orange-ja mafi kyau na fure mai so. Suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, duk nau'ikan kayan abinci masu daɗi an shirya daga gare su. Da kyau, ƙwayar tetrahedral tana da ban sha'awa tare da girman berries, wanda ya kai 25-30 cm tsayi kuma yayi nauyi 2-2.5 kg. An ba su abincin kayan zaki kuma an ƙara su a cikin salads na 'ya'yan itace. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace da ke cike da dankalin turawa (dankalin turawa). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga tushen sa suna matse shi. Suna girma zuwa 4 kilogiram kuma mazaunan kasashen kudancin suna amfani da shi don abinci. Don shirye-shiryen sha shayi na maye shayi, Aborigines suna amfani da ganyayyaki na Mexico da ganyayyaki masu siliki.

Baya ga duk waɗannan fa'idodin, fure mai sha'awar yana da ƙari ɗaya: yawancin nau'ikansa suna da kaddarorin magani (kodayake ya kamata a lura cewa a tsakanin furannin soyayyar akwai kuma mai guba). An bambanta da jan-nama mai son sha'awa ta kayan amfani, wanda aka sani har ma da Indiyanci. Ana amfani da sassan herbaceous a matsayin hanyar sanyaya tsarin jijiya. An san Passionflower ta magani na hukuma. Yana daga cikin magungunan maye gurbin Novo-Passit.

A matsayin kyakkyawan shuka, ana kuma shigar da kayan masarufi a cikin al'adun cikin gida. Abin takaici, har yanzu ba fadi. Wata kila saboda inji shi ne wajen capricious, wuya, m ga zayyana. Mafi sau da yawa, furanni mai launin shuɗi na Brazil tare da furanni masu ƙanshi ana bred, kyakkyawa wanda za'a iya gaya shi na dogon lokaci. Yana girma da sauri, ya kai 5-6 a tsayi, amma yana buƙatar tallafi, wanda zai iya kamawa da eriyoyin sa. Wannan nau'in yana fure, da rashin alheri, ba koyaushe ba. Amma idan yana da fure, to, na dogon lokaci, daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, kodayake rayuwar fure ɗaya takaice - kwana ɗaya kawai. Amma game da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu sha'awar furanni, ba za mu iya magana game da su ba, saboda tsirrai da tsirran hummingbirds suna gurbata tsire.

Passionflower yana buƙatar yanayin zafin jiki. A lokacin rani, yana son zafi matsakaici, kuma a cikin hunturu ana ajiye shi a cikin dakin sanyi, da wuya a sha ruwa. Soyayyar fure tana girma sosai a cikin ƙasa wanda aka haɗa da gaurayawan na greenhouse, turf, peat da yashi (3: 2: 1: 1) ƙasa. Don ci gaban al'ada a lokacin rani, shuka yana buƙatar takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Propagated da cuttings a cikin bazara da kaka da tsaba. Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi a watan Fabrairu-Mayu. Tsaba germinate a hankali, don haka kafin shuka ya kamata a soaked a rana a cikin ruwan dumi. Shuka tsabaflower da wuya bukatar a shuka a kan rigar takin, yafa masa a saman tare da biyar millimita Layer na duniya. Bayan wannan, wajibi ne don sanya tsaba da aka shuka a wuri mai dumi (18-24 ° C) kuma tabbatar da cewa zazzabi ba ya ƙasa da 8 ° C. Don kare tsire daga hasken rana kai tsaye, an rufe shi da polyethylene har zuwa fitowar sa.