Godiya ga bayyanar sabbin nau'ikan innabi da ci gaba da inganta ingancin tsoffin, yanayin juzu'in dasa wannan amfanin gona a ƙasar yana faɗaɗa kowace shekara. A yau, masu shayarwar giya za su iya zaɓar daga ɗaruruwan nau'ikan don dalilai na fasaha da kayan abinci, har ma a mawuyacin yanayi na Rasha, ba da girbi mai kyau na manyan berries wanda zai iya tsayayya da tsananin sanyi da sauran yanayin canjin yanayi.
'Ya'yan Victoria
A matasan na Turai da Amur inabi, tebur iri-iri Victoria samu daga kakanninsu high hunturu hardiness da yawan aiki, unpretentiousness da juriya daga amfanin gona cututtuka. Itacen inabi ya bushe sosai a yanayin zafi har zuwa -27 ° C. Don ciyayi da ripening na berries, maimakon tsire-tsire masu rauni suna buƙatar daga kwanaki 115 zuwa 120.
Ana nuna ƙwayoyin inabi na Victoria ta hanyar kwayar kwayar kwayar ciki, don haka ana buƙatar rarraba abinci na goge a wasu lokuta. A kan bushes na girma, ana bada shawara don barin daga idanu 25 zuwa 30, yayin da za'a iya yanke harbe zuwa 5-8 buds, kuma ya fi guntu - 2-4 idanu.
A wasu shekaru, ana lura da gyada. Don ƙarin ƙawancewar haɗin goge, yana da kyawawa don samun pollinator akan makircin, fure a lokaci ɗaya tare da Victoria.
Conical, gungu masu tarin yawa sun ƙunshi manyan, suna yin nauyi zuwa gram 7.5 na berries, kuma suna da matsakaicin nauyin 500-700. Siffar kyawawan berries mai ruwan hoda-shuɗi ja ce ko kuma tana nesa. Lokacin da cikakke cikakke, 'ya'yan itaciyar ɗan' ya'yan itace mai ruwan acid na ɗanyen itace suna samun ƙarin bayanin kula.
Inabi Lydia
Ofaya daga cikin tsohuwar nau'in innabi ta sami sabon rai daga masu ƙaramin giya masu tsaka-tsaki na Rasha, inda ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai ba da amintaccen mai samar da kayan ƙanshi na daskararru. Tarihin nau'ikan ya fara ne a cikin 60s na karni na ƙarshe. A wannan lokacin, Lydia ta zama sananne sosai a cikin yankuna na gargajiya na viticulture, kuma yanzu itacen inabi mai ba da babban amfani, wanda ya ba da nauyin kilogram 40 daga wani daji, ana iya gani a Yankin Tsakiyar Black Earth da Yankin Moscow.
Lydia inabi, tare da matsakaita lokacin ripening, babban hunturu hardness ya shafi duka tebur da nau'in fasaha. A cikin magabatan kai tsaye na nau'in innabi, bautar Amurkan labrusca tana nan, wanda ke bayyana takamaiman ƙanshin haske na Lydia, ƙarar mucousness na berries da “dandano na dawakai”.
A kan tsayi bushes, matsakaici-sized sikelin siffofin goga siffofin. Rounded berries tare da m fata da kuma ruwan hoda-m ko duhu ja launi da kuma bayyana bluish waxy shafi. Dandano yana da jituwa. A cikin shekaru masu kyau, inabi Lydia ta tara sukari sosai.
Saboda unpretentiousness, idan yanayin yanayin damar, da iri-iri za a iya girma ba tare da mafaka da kuma amfani da shi don gyara shimfidar wuri na mutum mãkirci, arches da arbor. A matsayin iri-iri na fasaha, 'Ya'yan inabi na Lydia suna da kyau don yin ruwan' ya'yan itace, da kuma kayan zaki mai tsami da giya mai ƙarfi.
Sanata Inabi
Siffar da aka samo ta hanyar E.G. Pavlovsky sakamakon tsallakewar cakulan da Kyautar Zaporozhye ya kasance yana nunawa ta hanyar farfadowa da wuri, haɓakar haɓakawa da juriya ga cututtukan da aka sani da kwari na inabõbi. Itacen inabi ya yarda da sanyi zuwa -23 ° C.
Tuni a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba, 'yan majalisar dattijai na girma a kan matsakaiciyar ƙanana, mai nauyin gram 600-750. Bunungiyar ta ƙunshi m, m manyan berries waɗanda suke yin awo fiye da 11. A duhu ja launi daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen an ɓoye a karkashin wani mai ruwan kakin zuma shafi. Theunƙarar tana da daidaituwa mai kyau, ba ruwa ba, ƙanshi, tare da bayanan nutmeg a kan sarauniyar ƙasa. Gungu na wannan nau'in innabi suna da kyau kuma ana iya jigilar su ba tare da asara ba.
Inabi Cardinal
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan innabi na zaɓin Amurkawa, wanda ya bayyana godiya ga "ma'auratan iyaye" Alfons Lavalle da Sarauniyar giya, Cardinal ta yadu sosai a Faransa, Balkans, Italiya da sauran yankuna kudu maso al'adun kudu.
A gefe guda, 'Ya'yan itacen inabi suna jawo hankalin manyan berries masu zagaye tare da halayyar haɓaka da tassels har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, yana farfadowa a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Ana iya adana bulo cikin sauƙi har tsawon watanni uku kuma ana jigilar su. Berry yana tara sukari mai yawa kuma a al'adance sun cancanci manyan alamomi daga masana. Wannan nau'ikan yana da kyau don girma a cikin gidan rani.
A gefe guda, kyakkyawan tebur na innabi iri-iri, mai ban sha'awa tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara na fure mai ƙoshin fure, yana da matuƙar buƙata kuma yana ba da albarkatun gona mai tsayi kawai a kan ƙasa mai ɗorewa da zafi mai yawa. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, ovary ko furanni sun faɗi, tumatir ɗin ba su karɓi ci gaban da suka dace kuma suna girma cikin "fis".
A lokaci guda, 'Ya'yan inabi' Cardinal inabi galibi suna shafar cututtukan fungi da na launin toka, bushes mai matsakaici da kwari da yawa basa wucewa.
Godiya ga aikin Rashanci da Yukren da ba sa so su jimre da kasawar kyawawan innabi iri-iri, Cardinal iri sun bayyana cewa an adana dandano da magabatansu kuma sun kasance masu saukin rarrabe su a cikin kamannin berries, amma mafi hunturu-Hardy da tsayayya wa cuta.
Innabi mai kuzari
An samo wadatattun grapesanjin Cutar ta Cardinal Marydavian Criuleni da sanannen Cardinal Amurkawa. Sakamakon haka, iri-iri da aka karɓa farkon farawa, daga 115 zuwa 120, sun riƙe girman girman gogewa a cikin Cardinal, da kuma girman ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko shuɗi mai haske.
A lokaci guda, harbe har abada tsira daga frosts ƙasa zuwa -22 ° C, duk da haka, a cikin matsanancin yanayin murhun Turai, suna buƙatar tsari. The harbe na wannan iri-iri na Cardinal inabi girma da kyau, hadarin zubar furanni da Peas an rage muhimmanci. Mafi girman juriya daga itacen inabi zuwa rot da mildew.
A cikin yanayin Crimea, Kuban da Krasnodar Territory, tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in innabi ya haifar da goge mai nauyin 500 zuwa 900 grams. Berries kai nauyin har zuwa 9 grams, da m fleshy daidaito da mai kyau nutmeg iyawa.
Inabi Cardinal AZOS
A cikin Anapa, masu shayarwa na Rasha sun sami nasu Cardinal, wanda ke buƙatar kwanaki 120 zuwa 125 don girma. Tare da ƙara yanayin hunturu da juriya ga kwari, Inabi AzzOS Cardinal AZOS tana da ƙarfi bushes tare da harbe da ke girma da kyau ta kaka.
Kamar nau'in innabi na Amurka, Americanan Rasha yana da goge masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya yin awo sama da kilogram, haka kuma crispy mai ban sha'awa mai launin shuɗi mai shuɗi, bastre da sukari suna tarawa fiye da yadda suka gabata.
Inabi na Rochefort
Inabi Cardinal ya ba da cikakkiyar iyali mai nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan halittu. Rochefort inabi ya bayyana a sakamakon ƙetare E.G. Pavlovsky seedlings Cardinal inabi Talisman.
Sakamakon inabi, don tumatir na tumatir waɗanda ke buƙatar kwanaki 105-110, ana rarrabe su a farkon farko ko na farko. Rochefort innabi bushes suna da babban girma girma, mai kyau ripening na shekara-shekara harbe. Daga mita 4-6 na yanki har zuwa harbe 24 za'a iya ciyar da su, yayin da aka bada shawarar yin amfani da pruning don buds shida.
Itacen inabi ya ba da haƙuri ga sanyi har zuwa -23 ° C, ba ya wahala da yawa daga mamayar wasps, yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga mildew, ƙanƙanin ƙasa kaɗan a cikin mildew powdery, kuma dangane da phylloxera innabi iri-iri na buƙatar kariya ta musamman.
Bishiyar duhu ko ruwan hoda, waɗanda aka tattara cikin taro mai tsami har zuwa gram 900, na iya zama kusan baki cikin launi da nauyinsa har zuwa gram 12. Berriesa aan itacen suna da nama mai ƙoshin nama tare da dandano mai ƙoshin abinci mai ɗorewa da adadi mai yawa, amma ba tsoma baki tare da nunannun 'ya'yan itatuwa ba. Canjin Rochefort an bambanta shi da mafi girman kasuwancin da dandano.
Inabi Ruslan
Girbi matasan irin tebur innabi kiwo na sanannen mai goyon baya daga Ukraine, V.V. Zagorulko, an samo shi ne sakamakon tsallake Kuban da Kyautar Zaporozhye. A sakamakon Ruslan inabi da farkon ripening, hunturu hardiness a cikin -24 ° C da kuma babban yawan harbe shekara shekara.
Itacen inabi na wannan nau'in innabi ya girma da sauri, yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga oidium da mildew, kuma tuni a tsakiyar watan Agusta yana ba da matsakaiciyar matsakaici, babban gungu, mai nauyin gram 700 akan matsakaita. Grapesan itacen Ruslan suna da babban furanni na duhu mai duhu saboda murfin kakin zuma na berries wanda ke yin nauyin gram 12. Daidaituwar 'ya'yan itacen mai yawa ce, mai daɗi. Ana adana goge sosai, yayin da doa berriesan itaciyar ba sa rasa nutsuwarsu da bayyanar su.
Inabi Na asali
M tebur m na Ukrainian zaɓi da aka samu ta hanyar haye iri-iri na Datier de Saint-Valle da Damascus wardi. Don tumatir na inabõbi, Asali yana ɗaukar daga 135 zuwa kwanaki 145, yayin da tsire-tsire suna girma bushes mai ƙarfi wanda ke da tsayayya ga phylloxera da cututtukan da ke haifar da fungi.
Itaciyar za ta iya jure nauyin da yawansu ya kai 60, yayin da shuka ta amsa da kyau ga miya da kulawa, amma tana kula da yanayin yanayi mara kyau, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Peas da matsakaiciyar yawan aiki. A wasu shekaru, da harbe na tebur innabi iri-iri ba su ripen sosai isa, wanda za a iya hana by normalizing da goge da kuma gudanar pinching.
Matsakaici mai yawa ko kuma sako-sako da wadatar wannan nau'ikan suna da nauyin 400-600. Manya-manyan berries suna da launi mai laushi mai haske da kuma siffar nono mai tsawo tare da ƙirar halayyar halayya. Saboda isasshen abin da aka makala na berries zuwa ga kututture da m ɓangaren litattafan almara, ba a ba da shawarar don adanawa da safarar kuran inabin.
Inabi Asali Sabon
Asalin innabi na asali ko Zagrava innabi shine wanda aka samu ta hanyar ƙetare ire-iren da aka riga aka sani na asali da Kobzar, wanda ke ɗauka daga 135 zuwa kwanaki 145 don yin 'yan itace. Idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya riga shi, Asalin Sabon ana rarrabe shi da rashi baƙaƙƙen ,a berriesan itace, haske mai haske tare da daskararru mai yawa ba tare da laushi mai laushi da fata ba.
Tsabtace innabi iri-iri na matuƙar babbar goge mai nauyi fiye da kilogram, wanda ya ƙunshi fararen-ruwan hoda, sananniyar siffa da launi na berries.
Don samun berries mai launi mai zurfi akan Zagrava, ana bada shawara don fitar da ƙwaya a kusa da goge kuma hana harbe daga kasancewa mai yawa. A cikin Inabi na Asalin Sabon itacen inabi ba'a lalace a yanayin zafi har zuwa -22 ° C, kuma ana saninsa da haɓaka ta hanyar tsayayya da cututtukan ruwan inabin. Hakanan kuma wasps ba su cutar da amfanin gona mai kyau ba.
Inabi Valek
Daga tsallake Rizamat, Kesha iri-iri da inabai iri-iri.Dabiyar mai son tauraro N.P. Vishnevetsky ta karɓi grapesya grapesyan lekyan itacen inabi a cikin kwanaki 105 kawai. Danshi a cikin wata tushen amfanin gona ana san shi da babban haɓaka mai girma, ingantacciyar yawan amfanin ƙasa da haɓakar shekara ɗaya. Winters tare da yanayin zafi ba kasa da -24 ° C itacen inabi yi haƙuri ba tare da manyan asara, da wuya kamuwa da cuta pathogenic fungi da rot.
Innabi iri-standsa standsan itace a matsayin kafaffen kwai irin na abokantaka ko da a cikin shekaru ma yanayin yanayi mara kyau. A lokaci guda, an samar da goge mai tsayi a kan bushes, wani lokacin har ya kai nauyin kilogiram 2.5 kuma yana da bayyanar kyakkyawa ga mai amfani.
Berries nauyin kimanin 15 grams da fleshy daidaito, m rawaya launi da wani sabon abu pear dandano. A cikin dandano mai daɗin ɗan itacen inabi Valek, sautunan muscat a bayyane suke bayyane. Za a iya yin jigilar burodi da adana ba tare da lahani ga berries ba.
Inabi An dade ana jira
'Ya'yan inabi mafi tsayi da aka jira ta hannun V.N. Kraynov daga nau'i biyu na ingantaccen tebur: Kishmish Luchisty da Talisman. Wannan nau'in matasan yana da ma'ana ta hanyar farkon ripening. A cikin yanayin Kuban da Crimea, ana iya cire goge na farko a farkon watan Agusta. A lokaci guda, da bushes shekara-shekara na bayar da girma, da-ripening girma, resistant ga na kowa cututtuka da kuma frosts ƙasa zuwa -25 ° C.
Bunches na kan nono mai launin fari ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana da nauyin 500-800 kuma suna da kyakkyawan sihiri. Matsakaicin nauyin berries shine gradu 8-9. Ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itacen innabi Ruwayen da aka dade ana jiran fyaɗinsu mai laushi tare da ɗanɗano mai jituwa, tsinkayen wanda baya tsoma baki tare da matsakaicin matsar fata.
Inabi Jupita
'Ya'yan Amurkawa ne suka samo inabin Jupita kuma an sanya musu nau'in innabi iri na. Daga cikin nau'ikan launuka masu launin duhu da wannan nau'in ya kasance a kasuwa, Jupiter ya fice don tsananin juriyarsa, har zuwa -27 ° C, kuma yana da kyakkyawan kariya ga cututtukan da ke haifar da fungi da kwari iri-iri. Waɗannan halaye ne suka sa innabi ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu samar da giya.
Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da aka bayyana a sama, Jupiter yana ba da ƙananan goge masu nauyin har zuwa 250 grams. Har ila yau, ba za a iya kiranta berries ba. Yawan nauyinsu ya bambanta daga 4 zuwa 6 grams, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. A innabi iri-iri da sauri tara sukari, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su sha fatattaka, da kananan rudiments ana kawai lokaci-lokaci samu a m fleshy ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Inabi Talisman
Farin ruwan innabi iri-iri Talisman yana da manufa ta tebur kuma an san shi da kyau don jurewa cututtukan amfanin gona gama gari, juriya sanyi da manyan berriesan cirani mai kyau.
Lokacin tumatir na 'ya'yan inabi wanda aka samo daga tsallake fyaucewa da Frumoas Albe kwanaki 125-135. Tare da babban ƙarfi girma ƙarfi, da harbe ripen sosai da kaka da kuma samar da yalwatacce girbi na shekara mai zuwa.
Bunches na inabai tsini Tashin hankali ba mai yawa bane, mai conical a sifa, zai iya yin nauyi fiye da gram 1200. A lokaci guda, m berries na wannan iri-iri ma sun cancanci a kula. Suna da girma sosai, masu nauyi daga gram 12 zuwa 16 kuma suna da kyakkyawan daidaito da dandano mai daɗi, wanda a ciki, bayan ya farfado, inuwa ta bayyana.
Inabi lowland
Mawallafin wannan nau'in innabi shine V.N. Kraynov. Godiya ga tsallake nau'ikan Tomaysky da Talisman, an samo Nisin inabi, an yi shi har tsawon kwanaki 125 - 130 kuma an danganta shi da nau'in matattakalar matsakaici. Karamin zafin jiki wanda harbe ya yarda dashi -23 ° C.
Cylindroconical ba mai tarin yawa ba ne na inabi Nizina yana da adadin kilogram 600-700, a wasu halayen goge sun haɗu kilogram ɗaya da rabi. M m launin m ruwan hoda suna da jituwa mai daɗi, daidaituwa mai launuka tare da isasshen ruwan 'ya'yan itace da nauyi har zuwa 14 grams.
'Ya'yan Crystal
Inabi Theabi Theun ofabi ofun selectionasar Hungary an samo shi ne daga complex yar tsatsauran Amur da nau'in innabi na gida tare da sanannun illaraillaran Villar Blanc. Berriesan itacen da aka girbe iri iri a cikin kwanaki 110-120 kyawawan albarkatun ƙasa ne na yin ruwan giya da bushe farin shayi.
Wannan nau'in innabi yana da matsakaicin girman ci gaban, kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu, wanda ke ba da damar narkar da vines a yankuna inda sanyi na -29 ° C ba saɓuwa a cikin hunturu. Bushes ba su da lalacewa ta hanyar rot, amma juriya ga cututtukan fungal yana da matsakaici. Lokacin noma wannan iri-iri, yana da mahimmanci kada a bar daji ya yi kauri sosai, yana haifar da zubar da ƙwayar kwai da digo cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Abun sukari da acidity na Crystal inabi suna da ƙarfi sosai da yanayin yanayi yayin rayawa.
An bambanta nau'ikan da gungu waɗanda ke nauyin gram 170-200, wanda ya kunshi fure mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi wanda ya kai nauyin 2.5. Daidaituwar 'ya'yan itacen yana da m, dandano yana da jituwa, ana ɗaukar shi zuwa abin sha da aka yi da inabi.
Inabi Rusball
Wuraren Villar wanda aka haɗu tare da 'ya'yan inabin da ba su da yawa. Wannan shine 'ya'yan itacen dabino na Rusbol, suna bada girbi na 115 zuwa kwanaki 125 bayan fitarwar ta zama da rai.Tebur iri iri fara fara inflorescences riga 2-3 shekaru bayan dasa, kuma kamar yadda bushes girma, da girma da girma girma, da kuma girma da girma ripens.
Inabi Rusball yana haƙuri da sanyi daga cikin tsari na -25 ° C, yana tsayayya da hare-hare na kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta. Siffar halayyar Rusbol tana cika da zubar da gogewa, sabili da haka, pinching da rationing na amfanin gona hanya ce ta wajibi ga wannan nau'in innabi.
A saboda wannan, sanya wa aji na VI na 'ya'yan itacen inabi marasa kyau, samuwar manyan manya-manyan, goge-goge mai ƙyalli, daga 400 grams zuwa kilogiram 1.5 a nauyi, halayyar halayya ce. A berries ne m, greenish-rawaya, mai dadi sosai tare da rudiments ta tsaba a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara m.
Inabi na Rusan Rusan itacen inabi ya cancanci kawar da masu shayarwa da masu shayarwa, don haka a yau an ƙirƙiri iri iri masu ban sha'awa game da tushen. Misalin wannan shine ingantaccen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da Muscat Rusball. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan sun riƙe dukkanin kyawawan halaye na tsire-tsire na iyaye, amma har ma sun sami fa'idodin kansu. Ingantattun grapesa Rusan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun yi farin ciki da wasu manyan berriesan itace da fewan ƙananan girke-girke. Kuma sunan Rusbola nutmeg cikakke yana nuna kyakkyawan ingancinsa - ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi na 'ya'yan itace cikakke.
