Eggplant - namo da iri

Sai dai itace cewa eggplant ne perennial, kuma mun girma shi a matsayin shekara-shekara. Eggplant na iya zama Berry na launuka da launuka iri-iri. Kuma ba kawai blue Silinda: pear-mai siffa, mai siffar zobe, painine tare da farin ko greenish m ɓangaren litattafan almara, ba tare da haushi. Launin fata na 'ya'yan itacen ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka mai haske zuwa launin rawaya ko launin toka mai launin toka.

Kwairo. Under Anne Underwood

An bayyana yanayin yanayin kayan lambu ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ta fito ne daga Indiya. A cikin Latin, sunansa na zahiri ma'anar "Nishadi tare da tuffa." Consideredarshen daren tsohuwar Romawa an ɗauke shi kyauta ne daga allahn rana - Gishiri - (cantilever, sunflower). Tsoffin Helenawa sun ɗauki eggplant wata shuka mai dafi kuma sun kira shi da "apple of mahaukaci," imani da cewa wanda ya ci shi zai rasa hankalinsa ... Kuma yanzu mun san cewa eggplant ne ... mai tsananin daɗi!

KabejiSolanum melongena) - wani nau'in tsirrai masu tsiro na bishiyoyi na al'adun Paraus, al'adun kayan lambu. Hakanan an san shi da sunan badrijan (da wuya bubridjan), kuma a cikin yankuna na Kudancin Rasha ana kiran tsire-tsire masu launin shuɗi.

Girma

Mun sanya ganye bayan tsararrun magabata, sun kasance gourds, kabeji, albasa, albarkatu masu tushe. Mun mayar da plaanyen toanyen zuwa matsayinsu na asali ba da farko fiye da shekaru 2-3. Idan ka adana su a wuri guda har abada, tsirrai suna fama da cututtukan fungal da cututtukan hoto. Mun dasa a wani fili, inda ake da haske.

Bayan mun girbe al'adun da suka gabata, nan da nan za mu share ƙasa daga sharan gona, mu cika humus a cikin nauyin 80-100 kg, superphosphate - 400-450 g, gishiri gishiri - 100-150 g a 10 m 10.

Mun tono shafin zuwa zurfin 25-28 cm daga faɗuwar. A farkon bazara, da zaran kasar gona ta bushe, za mu gudanar da tsoratar da su. Tuni a watan Afrilu, muna gabatar da takin nitrogen (urea) a cikin kwayar 300 g a 10 m² tare da sakawa zuwa zurfin 6 cm.

Aiki ya nuna cewa shuka tare da manyan tsararrun tsaba yana ƙara yawan aiki. Yadda za a warware tsaba? Don yin wannan, zuba lita 5 na ruwa a cikin guga, saka g 60 na gwal tebur a wurin. Lokacin da gishiri ya narke, munyi barci da tsaba, sannan mu motsa su na mintina 1-2, bayan haka muna kare minti 3-5. Daga nan sai a fitar da tsaba tare da mafita sannan a watsar da ragowar da tsaftataccen ruwa sau biyar zuwa shida. Bayan an yi wanka, an shimfida manyan tsaba masu nauyi a kan zane kuma a bushe.

Eggplant seedling. Vitalliy

Kafin shuka, yana da kyawawa don ƙayyade germination na tsaba. Don wannan dalili, mun sanya guda 50 ko 100 na tsaba a cikin ƙaramin farantin da aka rufe da takarda tace, dan kadan takarda takarda kuma sanya shi a kan windowsill a cikin ɗaki mai zafi. Lokacin da tsaba suka ciji (bayan kwanaki 5-7), muna lissafta yawan ƙwayar. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen nisantar shuki.

Yawancin lambu yan ƙwaya ne ke girma ta hanyar shuka. An karɓa a cikin gidajen kore da keɓaɓɓen digiri na 50-60 cm. Shuka tsaba a cikin gidajen kore ana yin su ne a farkon Maris, wato, kwanaki 55-60 kafin a dasa shuki zuwa mazaunin dindindin. Kafin shuka, ana kula da sassan katako na sukari tare da maganin 10% na Bleach ko lokacin farin ciki bayani na lemun tsami da aka yanka.

Positionasa ƙasa: turf ƙasar gauraye da humus a cikin rabo na 2: 1. Ana zubar da ƙasa na gidan gona a kan taki tare da faɗin 15 cm cm kafin shuka, ƙasa an cika shi da superphosphate a cikin adadin 250 g a kowane firam na fure (1.5 m²). A ƙarƙashin firam, an girbe 8-10 g na tsaba tare da seeding zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Don wani shiri na 10 m², ya isa ya girma 100 100. An kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki a lokacin shuka iri wanda yake a tsakanin 25-30 °. Tare da hawan seedlings, yawan zafin jiki a cikin kwanakin 6 na farko yana rage zuwa 14-16 °. Sannan zazzabi yana daidaitawa: yayin goyon bayan rana 16-26 ° da dare 10-14 °.

'Yan lambu sun san cewa tushen tsaran kwai yana da wahalar murmurewa kuma, ya tsage yayin dasa shi, ya sanya hakan a baya cikin girma. Sabili da haka, ya fi girma shuka seedlings a cikin tukwane na humus-earthen. Don tukwane, ana shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki daga sassan 8 na humus, sassan 2 na ƙasar turf, 1 yanki na mullein tare da ƙari of 10 g na urea, 40-50 g na superphosphate da 4-5 g na potassium gishirin kowace guga. Girman tukwanan shine 6x6 cm 8. Kwanaki 8-4 kafin shuka, an sanya tukwane cikin ruwan sanyi a ƙasa mai kauri 5-6 cm Idan tukwane sun bushe, ana sanyaya su kuma ana sanya tsaba 8-4 a kowane. Yayyafa tsaba a saman ƙasa tare da Layer na 1-2 cm.

Watering da seedlings a greenhouses kamar yadda ake bukata, yawanci wannan ana yi da safe kuma a lokaci guda airing da greenhouse. A cikin yanayin sanyi mai duhu ba za ku iya ruwa ba.

Lingsa Seedan itace suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. A saboda wannan, 50 g na superphosphate, 20 ammonium sulfate da 16 g na potassium gishiri ana ɗauka a cikin guga na ruwa. Ana amfani da riguna masu ruɓi na gargajiya, mullein, droppings tsuntsu ko slurry. Tsuntsayen Bird da mullein ana fara aikin su a cikin baho (kwanaki 6-8). Ruwan da aka sha tare da ruwa an narke shi da ruwa: maganin maganin kazamar tsuntsaye sau 15-20 (ga matasa tsirrai a cikin lokaci na farkon ganye na farko) ko kuma sau 10-15 (na fora seedlingsan seedlings tare da ganye 4-5). Ana magance millein da ruwa sau 3 sau 3, kuma a sauƙaƙe sau 2-3. Abubuwan saka kayan gargajiya da na ma'adinai a madadinsu. Ana yin riguna na farko (tare da takin gargajiya) kwanaki 10-15 bayan fitowar, na biyu - kwanaki 10 bayan an fara suturun farko tare da takin ma'adinai. Bayan an saka miya, ana shayar da shukar da ruwa mai tsabta tare da tsaftataccen ruwa don wanke ɗigon ruwan ganyen daga gare shi.

Ggwan itace na ƙwai. Jen & Josh

Kwana 10-15 kafin dasa shuki, ana rage zafin seedlings: ana rage ruwa, an cire firam (na farko kawai kwana guda, sannan kuma ya danganta da yanayin zafin iska na tsawon yini). 5-10 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki a cikin dindindin wuri, ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da bayani na 0.5% na sulfate jan karfe (50 g da 10 l na ruwa) don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtukan fungal.

Seedlingsan itace da ke tsiro a lokacin dasa shuki a kan dindindin wuri ya kamata ya sami ganye na 5-6 na gaskiya, tushe mai kauri da ingantaccen tsarin tushen.

A gaban Hauwa na dasa, seedlings a cikin greenhouse ana shayar da su sosai. Sun fara dasa shuki a lokacin da yiwuwar sanyi ta ɓace, wato, a ƙarshen farkon ko a farkon shekaru na biyu na Mayu (ga Crimea). Jinkirta cikin dasa shuki koda har tsawon kwanaki 7-10 yana haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.

An zaɓi lingsan tsaran withoutan itace ba tare da tukwane ba, suna riƙe dunƙulewar ƙasa. An dasa shi zuwa zurfin 7-8 cm, 1.5 cm zurfi fiye da tushen wuya. Aisles ya bar cm 60-70, gibin tsakanin tsirrai a jere na 20-25 cm Idan dunƙulewar ƙasa a kan Tushen ta zama maras kyau, to, a lokacin da ake tattara samfurori na seedlings, Tushen yana nutsuwa a cikin mullein daga mullein tare da yumɓu. Bayani sake: potted seedlings kai tushen da sauri, ba da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma suna dauke shi 20-25 kwanaki a baya.

Kulawar ƙasa

Muna dasa plantanyen eggplant a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin yanayin hadari ko da rana. Saboda haka tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe mafi kyau. Muna matse ƙasa kusa da tushen kuma nan da nan mu shayar da shi. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, a cikin wurin seedlings da suka faɗi, muna dasa sabon kuma muna aiwatar da ruwa na biyu (200 l, ana ba da adadin sha da ciyarwa don 10 m²).

Jimlar yawan ruwan ruwa na bazara shine 9-10, a cikin kwanaki 7-9. Bayan kowace ruwa, muna kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm, a lokaci guda ana cire ciyawa. Ana ciyar da ciyarwa na farko kwanaki 15-20 bayan dasawa seedlings (urea 100-150 g). Mun ba da babban riguna na biyu makonni uku bayan na farko (superphosphate bayani 150 g da urea 100 g). Muna takin taki tare da rake zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm kuma nan da nan sai a shayar da shi. A farkon fruiting, ciyarwa tare da mullein sabo (6-8 kg) tare da ruwan ban ruwa yana da tasiri. Bayan kwanaki 15-20, ana iya maimaita miya da sabon mullein.

Kwairo. . Scott

Kwakwalwar ƙabe-ƙwai na iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar irin ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado. Da wannan kwaro mara kyau, muna amfani da maganin chlorophos na 0.3% maida hankali (30 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Alamar aikace-aikacen - ƙyanƙyalen ƙwayar gwoza.

Iri daban-daban

Mafi kyawun irin kwai: Abinci, Gribovsky-752, Dwarf da wuri-921, Donskoy, Long violet, Bulgaria. Launin fata mai launin shuɗi mai duhu yana kasancewa a cikin rukuni na gabashin farkon nau'ikan (iri: Abincin, farkon dwarf, Gabas).

A cikin rukuni na yammacin iri, siffar 'ya'yan itacen ya lalace, mai sihiri, m, ovoid, taqaitaccen siffa mai siffa, Silinda (nau'in: Crimean, Donskoy).

Don girma a ƙarƙashin fim a tsakiyar layin, ana amfani da nau'ikan farkon-farfadowa: An yi jita-jita 163, Dwarf farkon 6, da sauransu. Daga cikin tsaka-tsakin tsakiyar da 'ya'yan itace masu amfani, Universal 6, Simferopolsky 105, da dai sauransu sun dace.

Mafi kyawun lokacin tsabtacewa ya bushe, yanayin sanyi har sai sanyi na farko. Koda lalacewar ƙanƙanin sanyi ya sa eggplant ba shi yiwuwa.

Albatross

• Babban lokacin samar da gwani. Wannan lokacin daga shuki zuwa girbi kwana 115-130. Itatuwan karami ne, girman 40-60 cm. itsyaruyan itãcen marmari ne masu gajeren zanen lu'u-lu'u, masu nauyin 300-450 g, tare da farin nama mai yawa ba tare da haushi ba. Launi a cikin ripeness na fasaha shine shuɗi-violet, a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta - launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Shelf rayuwa da ɗaukar hoto suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Amfani na duniya.

Arap

• M 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin zurfin purple. Wannan lokacin daga shuki zuwa girbin amfanin gona na farko shine kwanaki 120-130. Bushan itacen suna daɗaɗɗe-nesa, -9imin 85-90 cm a fili.The 'ya'yan itacen suna da sifa daidai, 20-25 cm tsayi fruitan itacen yana riƙe da halayen kasuwanci na dogon lokaci.

Eggplant “Dogon Karfe”

Bagheera

• A farkon lokacin bishiyar matasan da aka girka "Gavrish". Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi. Furannin suna da guda ɗaya, tare da diamita na kusan cm 5. 'Ya'yan itacen suna nauyin 250-300 g, m, shuɗi mai duhu. Pulwanƙwasa na matsakaici mai tsayi yana da fari tare da koren kore, ba tare da haushi ba. Matsayi yana dacewa da kyau don namowa a cikin ƙasa mai kariya.

Barbentane

• A farkon farkon sa na eggplant don girma a fim greenhouses da kuma bude ƙasa. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi 1.8 m. Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Vicar

• Fifikowar farko (kwanaki 110-115) irin kayan kwai na "VNIISSOK". Yawan aiki a cikin fim mai ruwa shine kilogiram 5-7 / m. Shuka itace nau'in yanke hukunci, mai tushe tare da launi anthocyanin. 'Ya'yan itace mai siffa ce mai lu'u-lu'u ko gajarta mai kama-lu'u-lu'u, mai launin shuɗi mai launi, mai nauyin 200. thoayawan suna da rauni.

Dogon shuɗi

• A farkon farkon sa na eggplant. Dankin yana girma da sauri, ya cika tare da gajeren internodes, 40-55 cm tsayi .. 'Ya'yan itaciyar suna da tsawo mai ɗimbin yawa, masu nauyin 200-300 g.

Don Quixote

• Cikakken cikakke (kwanaki 100-120.) Yawancin zaɓi na egggg don Manul don glazed da fim na greenhouses. Tsire-tsire masu matsakaici ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu launin shuɗi mai duhu a cikin 35-45x5-6 cm, nauyin 300-400 g

Lolita

• Zabin kwai mai raɗaɗi "Gavrish" tare da balaga na kwanaki 110-115. Ga dukkan nau'ikan tsarin ƙasa mai kariya. Itace tana da matsakaici, a cikin falon kore 270-330 cm, a cikin finafinan kore 70-80 cm. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin shuɗi ne, mai tsawon mil (18-25 cm), suna auna 250-309 g, ba tare da ɓarna ba. Dankalin turawa fararen fata ne, mai yawa, ba tare da haushi ba, tare da karamin adadin tsirrai da tsabtataccen fada. An yankantar da shi a cikin 1998 a Yankin Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Duniya da Ural. Yawan aiki 14.7 kg / m

Mariya

• -An itace mai ɗumbin launuka iri-iri tare da fruitsa can silsila na elongated, inkan ulu mai launin shuɗi a launi da nauyin 200-225 g.

Nautilus

• Tsakanin farko (kwanaki 120-130) eggplant matasan don glazed da mai zafi fim greenhouses domin zaɓi na Manul. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi ne mai launi sabuwa, aunawa 21-28 x 7-10 cm kuma nauyin 300-500 g.

Kyakkyawan bakar fata

• Farkowa (78 days) ƙwayayen Danish iri-iri. Dankin yana da tsayi 50-60 cm. fruitsyan itacen suna da kyau, mai kauri, na kamannin silinda na yau da kullun, masu nauyin 200 - 250 g.

Eggplant "Bagheera"

Bakar wata

• Tsammani-farkon m, unpretentious sa na eggplant. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu zagaye ne a cikin siffa tare da diamita na cm 15-20. Tana bugi kyau sosai a yanayin zafi kaɗan.

Lu'u-lu'u

• Matsakaici-tsakiyar (kwanaki 109-149), iri-iri iri na zaɓi na Donetsk OBS, tsire-tsire mai laima ne, 46-56 cm tsayi .. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna daɗaɗɗɗa, farar fata mai nauyin 14-18 cm tsayi, yana nauyin 100-165 g. Theauren tumatir kore ne, mai yawa, ba tare da haushi ba. Yawan aiki ya kai kilogiram 8. An nuna godiya iri-iri don ripening da haɗin gwiwa na 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren shuka.

Amethyst

• Cikakken farkon, cikakkiyar fasaha yana faruwa a kwanaki 95-115 bayan cikakkiyar yaduwar. Dankin yana rufe, na matsakaici tsawo. Ganyen yana da matsakaici, kore, notched, mai santsi, ba tare da ƙaya ba. Calyx dan kadan farashi. 'Ya'yan itace tsayin matsakaici ne, mai launin dimbin yawa, launin shuɗi mai duhu a cikin kayan fasaha. Dankin fari fari ba tare da haushi ba. Yawan taro na 'ya'yan itace 240-280 g.

Black kyau

• Eggplant na farko mai samar da gwaggwabar riba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai launin shuɗi-baki, mai nauyin 700-900 g tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi mai daɗi. Dankin yana da kyakkyawan yanayin 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin mara kyau. Yana ba da kyakkyawan girbi a cikin mafakar fim ko da a cikin yankin tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara.

Veratik

• Earlyan farkon nau'in kiwo da kayan ƙwai "Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Noma ta ƙasa". Wannan lokacin daga shuki zuwa farkon girbi kwanaki 115-119. Itatuwan yana yaduwa, 45-70 cm mai tsayi .. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu duhu, masu launuka masu haske, lu'u-lu'u da madaidaiciya a sikeli, suna da nauyi 165-185 g. Naman yana da launin fari-mai-kore, mai kamshi ba tare da haushi ba. Tsayayya da tsaye zuwa ƙwayar fitsarin verticillosis da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. An tsara shi don canning da dafa abinci. An soke ta a Moldova.

Delphi

• Matsakaici da wuri (kwanaki 120-130) iri iri na eggplant don kowane nau'in greenhouses na zaɓi na Manul. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mai launin fari da farin tare da ƙarshen nuna, girman 40-45 x6-6.5 cm da nauyi 300-450 g.

Giselle

• Dankin yana da girma zuwa 170-190 cm, yadudduka, fure-matsakaici, ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Ganyen yana da girma, koren fure, gefen ganyen laɓe ne, ba tare da ɗigon ruwa ba. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da tsawon 25-30 cm, silima, daskararru, shunayya a cikin kayan fasaha. Dankalin turare fari ne, mai yawa ba tare da haushi ba.

Madonna

• Yaren mutanen Holland yan kwalliyar kwai. An yankantar da shi a cikin 1998 a Yankin Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Earth da Ural don lokacin bazara-bazara da kuma tsawaita sakewa na kanana hunturu. Ripeness na fasaha yana faruwa ne a cikin kwanaki 91 bayan cikakkiyar yaduwar ƙwayar cuta. Itatuwan karami ne, 1.6-1.8 m. fruitan itacen suna daɗaɗɗen shunin pear, mai dan ƙara, shuɗi mai duhu, mai nauyin 300-400 g.

Yarima

• Early ripening, high-samar da gwaggwabar riba, unpretentious eggplant iri-iri. Fruitan itacen mai launin baƙar fata-baƙi, 20-30 cm, diamita 5-8 cm, mai nauyin 150-200 g .. Ganyen yana da taushi, ba tare da haushi ba.

Sancho panso

• Tsaka-tsaka (kwanakin kwana 130-140) Manul iri iri na Manul domin duk nau'ikan greenhouses. Tsire-tsire masu matsakaici ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an zagaye su da girman 12x14 cm, ana yin awo 600-700 g da launi mai laushi mai haske.

Eggplant “Black kyau”

Farkowa da wuri

• Ripwan itace da wuri da dama na "Filin gwajin kayan lambu na Yammacin Siberian". Wannan lokacin daga 'yan' '' '' '' '' '' 'ga cikakkiyar darajar 112-139. Isan daji bashi da ƙarfi, daidaitacce, ma'auni. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da siffa mai siffar pear-elongated, mai nauyin 130 g, ba tare da haushi ba. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne. Yawan aiki 4-6 kg / m 2

Solara

• Hybridarancin fari da aka samo asali daga Yaren mutanen Holland .. Shuka mai ƙarfi, mai amfani. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi wanda ya kai 1 kg, tsawon 15-20 cm Ya bambanta da farkon farashi a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Solaris

• Farkon farfadowa (kwana 112-118). Yawan aiki a cikin gidajen kore fim shine 5.5-8.5 kg / m. A shuka na indeterminate irin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu sikelin ne da sifa mai siffa-elongated, launin shuɗi mai duhu a launi, mai sheki, mai nauyin 215 g, jijiyoyin suna da rauni.

Czech da wuri

• High-samar da gwaggwabar riba eggplant. Itace karami ne, matsakaici-sized. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launi ne, masu launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi mai launi, mai haske, mai laushi. Dankalin turawa ya kasance mai yawa, launin shuɗi-fari, ba tare da haushi ba. Yawan aiki 4-5 kg ​​/ m.

Kusanci

• Dankin yana da faɗin 150-180 cm, ƙaramar-geza, ganye-matsakaici, tare da samar da fruita regularan itace na yau da kullun da daidaituwa. Ganyen yana da girma, kore, mai tsada, tare da gefuna mai laushi. Taro ɗan itacen shine 238-350 g oval, 12-14 cm tsayi. Yawan aiki 12.8-19.7 kg / m. Matsakaicin matsakaici: farkon farkon, kyakkyawan aiki da kuma kasuwancinsa, kyakkyawan kyakkyawan kayan samfuri.

Ganyen Salatin Kaya

• Heat-ƙauna shuka. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, ba a shimfida su, sun dace da abinci. 'Ya'yan itãcen farin launi mai nauyin 150 g, kafin a yi amfani da abinci ana bada shawarar yin jiƙa a cikin ruwan gishiri.