Ana daukar lu'u-lu'u kamar itace mai cike da ban tsoro, koda yaushe tana daskarewa, bata da lafiya, wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake samun karancin tsiran masana'antar pear a kasarmu. Ma'aikatan lambu masu zaman kansu suma suna yawan korafi game da wannan amfanin gona, ba kawai game da capriciousness ga sauyin yanayi ba, har ma game da gaskiyar cewa pear sau da yawa ba ya fure kuma baya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci bayan dasa shuki, kuma wani lokacin yana iya Bloom profusely, amma kuma ba babu amfanin gona. Za muyi magana game da Sanadin wannan sabon abu a yau.
Akwai wasu dalilai da yawa wanda yasa pear ba ya 'ya'ya.Abubuwan ciki:
- Fasalin Pear fasalin Varietal
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa
- Kuskure yayin dasawa
- Pear - daji
- Kasawa Haske
- Ciwon kwaro
- Froro yana ba da launi amma ba 'ya'yan itace
Fasalin Pear fasalin Varietal
Dalilin da ya fi zama ruwan dare lokacin da lu'u-lu'u bai kawo 'ya'ya ba shine yanayin nau'in halittar sa. Wannan alama ce ta nazarin halittu kuma ba wani abu mara kyau, sai dai don ƙarin shekarun da aka yi bege, ba ya kawo masu mallakar filayen wasa. Domin kada ku damu game da gaskiyar cewa seedling ɗin da kuka saya da shuka, kamar yadda aka sa ran, ba ya ba da 'ya'ya, kuna buƙatar gano game da ranar shigar sa zuwa fruiting kafin sayen takamaiman nau'in pear.
Kusan kowane nau'in pear yana da nasa ajalin. Da alama bai cancanci kidaya kwanakin 'ya'yan itace ga kowacce iri ba, don haka zamu bada kimanin kwanakin ofa fruan itace don shahararrun shahararrun nau'ikan (duka a gonar lambu da kuma a wuraren kiwo).
Daban-daban na pears "Moskvichka" da "A ƙwaƙwalwar Yakovlev" za su ba da amfanin gona na farko bayan shekaru uku ko aƙalla na shekaru huɗu; iri "Larinskaya", "Fatherland" da "Red-side" za su shiga cikin 'dan lokaci kaɗan - shekaru hudu ko biyar bayan dasa shuki a shafin; iri "Leningradskaya" da "Beauty" za su faranta wa 'ya'yan itaciyar shekaru biyar ko shida bayan dasa na seedling a shafin; iri "Josephine", "Mecheln" da "Bereslutskaya" za su ba da 'ya'yan fari na farko bayan duk, aƙalla shekaru goma bayan dasa shuki a cikin dindindin.
Amma ga shekarun seedling, lokacin da dasa shuki pear shuke-shuke da annuals, sun kai tushen da sauri kuma tsawon lokacin shiga cikin fruiting za a iya rage by shekara guda. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin shekaru biyu, wanda yawanci baya faruwa, saboda yana da matukar wahala a tono pears mai shekaru biyu daga cikin gandun daji, basu da lafiya kuma tsawon lokacin shigowar su zai iya zuwa bayan shekara guda.
Tabbas, komai yana inganta, yanzu akwai sabbin hannun jari wanda pear ɗin ke ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace da sauri, alal misali, hannun jari kamar PG 2, PG 17-16, da PG 12 na zaɓi na Cibiyar ta Michurin sun kawo shekarun pear cikin ɗaukar shekaru biyu.
'Ya'yan Pears iri daban-daban suna bada' ya'ya a shekaru daban-dabanRashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa
Dalili na biyu, idan pear ba ya yin 'ya'ya a cikin dogon lokaci, rashi ne a cikin ƙasar takamaiman abinci mai gina jiki. Tare da irin wannan rashi, pear ɗin yana kama da barci; duk tafiyar matakai a cikin shuka suna faruwa a hankali. A wannan lokacin, duk da haka, tushen tsarin zai iya haɓaka aiki tare, yana girma cikin zurfi da faɗi.
Tushen haɓaka cikin neman abinci mai gina jiki, kuma muddin tsarin tushen ya girma kuma abinci mai gina jiki bai wadatar ba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba sa kafa. A wannan yanayin, pear zai iya ko bazai yi fure kwatankwacinsa ba, ko fure, amma ba 'ya'yan itace saita haifar, yana haifar da ovaries, amma ba da daɗewa ba mahaɗan zai fashe duka ɗaya.
Don yin rashi na karancin abinci mai gina jiki a ƙarƙashin pear, kuna buƙatar yin takin zamani, amma ya kamata a yi wannan a hankali. Misali, lokacin da kasar take cike da nitrogen, pear zai iya farawa da karfi, samar da taro mai ganye - ganyayyaki, harbe, amma ba Bloom.
Don cike ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana da kyau a yi nazarin ƙasa a ɗakin da ya dace. Bincike ne kawai zai iya nuna wane bangare ne a takaice kuma wanene ya ƙaru.
Idan kuna amfani da takin mai magani ba tare da sanin adadinsu a cikin ƙasa ba, zaku iya oversaturate ƙasa tare da kashi ɗaya kuma ba ku kawo wani mai yawa ba, wanda ba zai iya ceton yanayin ba, har ma yana ƙara tsananta shi.
Ka yi tunanin cewa mun san game da abin da ke cikin ƙasa, kuma koda ba ta ƙunshi kowane mahimman abubuwa masu yawa, wato, ya zama dole don ƙara nitrogen, potassium, da phosphorus a cikin ƙasa.
Ya kamata ku san cewa gabatarwar nitrogen a ƙarƙashin pear ya dace ne kawai a bazara. Ganin cewa pear ba shi da rikodin rikodin hunturu, idan muka ƙara nitrogen ga wannan amfanin gona a rabin rabin lokacin bazara ko, har ma ya yi muni, a lokacin kaka, pear ɗin zai iya ci gaba da girma da ƙarfi, harbe-harbe na hunturu ba zai da lokaci zuwa katako kuma daskarewa. Gabatarwar phosphorus da potassium mai yiwuwa ne a lokacin bazara, da bazara, da kaka.
Kimanin halayen takin zamani da lokacin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen su a farkon bazara (lokacin lokacin budada), lokaci na gaba shine farkon bazara, na gaba shine tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kuma ƙarshen ciyar shine ƙarshen farkon watan kaka.
A farkon lokacin girma, yawanci ya dogara da lokacin farawar kalanda kuma ana iya lura dashi daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, pear yana barin ganyayyaki kuma zaku iya ƙara kilogram na taki ko humus gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashinsa tare da ƙari na 300 g na soot. An bada shawara don ƙara nitroammophoska, tun da farko an narkar da shi a cikin adadin 19 g kowace guga na ruwa (lita 10) ga kowane pear.
A farkon lokacin rani, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samun wadatar su tare da phosphorus a cikin nau'i na superphosphate da potassium - potassium sulfate. Superphosphate a cikin adadin 13 g karkashin pear dole ne a yi amfani da bushe a cikin wani ƙasa kwance da kuma shayar ƙasa, kuma bayan hadi, kasar za a iya rufe da humus. An fi dacewa da karafa sulfate a cikin narkar da tsari a cikin adadin 10 g kowace guga na ruwa (lita 10).
A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, yana da kyau a ƙara superphosphate da potassium sulfate a daidai adadin kuma a daidai wannan lokacin a farkon lokacin bazara.
A cikin kaka, yana da kyau a shafa waɗannan takin zamani, rage sashi zuwa rabi, amma a cikin nau'ikan guda ɗaya kamar bazara.
Hakanan ya kamata a tuna cewa pear zai iya yin fure kuma ba saita 'ya'yan itace ko jifa da ovary ba lokacin da ƙasa ke cike da ruwan sanyi a sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa, ban ruwa mai yalwa, ko kusa da ruwan ƙasa (da kyau 2.5 m).
Kirki na iya bazuwa ko fure, amma maiyuwa ba zai iya samar da ƙarancin acidic na ƙasa ba. Ganin cewa pear yana son ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, yakamata ya zama yana iyakance ƙasa mai acidic, yana amfani da 1m2 200 grams na lemun tsami. Amma wannan al'ada ya dogara da acidity na kasar gona da abun da ke ciki, shine, menene ƙasa - yashi, loam ko chernozem.
Zai yuwu a fahimci ko za a iya samun ƙasa mai acidic daga tsire-tsire masu girma a kai: horsetail, nettle, sorrel suna nuna karuwar acid na ƙasa. A cikin abin da ke ƙasa ana yin ƙasa tare da lawn - wanda ba za a taɓa yin sa ba kuma ana iya ba da damar lawn tsakanin layuka, amma ba a tsinkayen kusa-ko an haƙa shi ba, to, zaku iya amfani da tsarin takaddun litmus da sikelin launi don ƙayyade acidity .
Ya kamata a dasa pear a cikin wuraren da ke da tsabta.Kuskure yayin dasawa
Kirki yana da matukar damuwa ga dasawar da ba ta dace ba: yana da matukar muhimmanci a lura da zurfin tushen wuyansa kuma yana da kyau a dasa seedlingsan itacen pear dangane da lamuran kwalliya kamar yadda suka girma a baya. Rashin bin waɗannan, a zahiri, dokokin na farko na iya haifar da jinkiri sosai a farkon fitar da 'ya'yan itacen pear.
Dole ne a sanya 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure a cikin ƙasa wanda ya sa tushen wuya (wannan shine wurin da Tushen ya shiga cikin akwati, kuma ba wurin grafting ba, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani da kuskure) ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Idan tushen wuyansa ya zurfafa, to, pear na iya shigowa cikin shekaru bayan hakan fiye da yadda ya kamata. Idan aka bar tushen wuya sama da ƙasa, tushen tsarin pear na iya daskarewa, musamman a irin wannan lokacin bazara, lokacin da akwai dusar ƙanƙara, kuma har yanzu babu dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin irin wannan lokacin bazara, ana lura da daskarewa tsarin tushen, mafi sau da yawa waɗannan ƙananan ne kuma mafi mahimmancin tushen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda duk da cewa an maido dasu a lokacin lokacin ciyayi, amma a wannan yanayin zai zama banal ba ya yin 'ya'yan itace, zai kasance yana aiki ne da maido da tsarin tushen.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci yayin dasa shuki pears don la'akari da maki. Kowa yana sane cewa saboda saurin ci gaba na seedling, tushen tsarin sa, da kuma yawan iska, ana siyar da pear ne a cikin gandun daji a matsayin "shekara-shekara". Oneaya daga cikin shekaru a lokacin dasa shuki na iya rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci kuma ya ɗauki tushe a cikin sabon wuri, don haka jinkirta lokacin shigowar pear ɗin zuwa fruiting. Don kauce wa wannan, ya zama dole a sanya zuriya don haka gefenta, wanda yake kan kudu, ya sake kasancewa a kudu. Don fahimtar wane gefen seedling aka nufi kudu kuma wanda yake arewa, zaku iya bincika a hankali da haushi da seedling - idan duhu ne, kamar dai an tanko, to wannan shine gefen kudu, idan kuma ya fi sauki, to arewa.
Af, idan kun riga kun dasa shuki na pear ba daidai ba, kuma tushen wuyansa yana zurfafa ko, akasin haka, ya tashi sama sama da ƙasa, to, zaku iya ƙoƙarin gyara halin. Misali, yayin zurfafa tushe na tushe, zaku iya kokarin tono bishiyar kuma ku kara kasa zuwa ga asalin sa (ba shakka, wannan mai yiwuwa ne idan aka dasa bishiyar shekara guda, mafi girman shekaru biyu da suka gabata), idan tushen wuyansa ya hau saman saman kasar, to ana iya rufe asirin da kasa, da kyau ya matsa mata.
Pear - daji
Wasu lokuta, musamman lokacin sayen seedling ba a cikin gandun daji ba, kamar yadda muke ba da shawara koyaushe, amma a kasuwa "da hannu", itacen pear yana iya haɓakawa da haɓaka sosai, amma ba zai yi shekaru da yawa ba. Wannan na faruwa ne idan an sayar da ku ba wani ɗan itacen tsiro da aka lika shi akan wata tarkace ba, sai dai irin kurarren pear, talakawa ne.
A wannan yanayin, koda kun yi haƙuri kuma jira lokacin da za a karɓi 'ya'yan itacen, za ku ji daɗin takaici -' ya'yan itacen pear za su kasance ƙanana da ɗanɗano, ƙwaya da kanta za ta yi girma sosai kuma tana iya wuce mita goma a tsawo. Abin takaici, a wannan yanayin, ba da shawara ga wani abu mai saurin fahimta don daidaita lamarin abu ne mai wahala. Wasu 'yan lambu suna sare wani ɓangaren bishiyar ta hanyar rage haɓakarsa, kuma ana yanka wasu nau'ikan daban-daban a cikin kambi, amma ba duk zasu iya yin wannan ba kuma ba kowa bane ke da irin wannan sha'awar. Ya rage don yanke da tumɓuke itacen ta dasa shuki sabon seedet seedling.
Don fahimtar cewa ana siyar da wani savage a gare ku mai sauƙi ne - kuna buƙatar bincika a hankali gindin ɗan itacen lu'u-lu'u a sama da wuyan tushe da kimanin santimita biyar. Kamfanonin grafting ɗin ya kamata ya zama a bayyane a wannan wuri, akwati kada ta kasance madaidaiciya kai tsaye daga tushe, yakamata ya kasance babu ƙaya akan bishiyoyin, waɗanda yawancin halayyar savages ne, kuma seedling ɗin yakamata kada yayi girma, tsayi.
Yawancin lokaci pear mai shekaru ɗaya yana da tsawon mita biyu, tsayayyun Tushen da rassa biyu ko uku. Tabbas, abu da yawa ya dogara da iri-iri, alal misali, nau'in Bystrinka na iya samun tsayi har zuwa mita 2.5, tushen da aka inganta da rassa biyar ko shida.
Kasawa Haske
Kurakurai na iya faruwa lokacin zabar wuri a shafin. Sau da yawa, yan lambu, da aka basu girman girman pear da kambinsa mai yadawa, suna shuka shuka a wani yanki mai inuwa a cikin bege cewa pear zata yi girma a kan lokaci kuma ta fito daga inuwa saboda tsayinta. A zahiri, wannan hakika mai hankali ne, amma kuskure ne.
Duk tsawon lokacin da pear zai girma ya kuma shimfidawa, kuma sau da yawa tanƙwara, don barin inuwa, da alama ba zai haifi 'ya'ya ba, kuma wannan lokacin na iya zama shekaru goma ko fiye. Gaskiyar magana ita ce cewa pear ɗin yana da hankali ga haske, yana buƙatar haske mai yawa, idan ya kasance a takaice, ba zai samar da amfanin gona ba.
Tabbas, da aka ba da fice a cikin hunturu hardiness na pear, ana iya dasa shi a ƙarƙashin kariya, alal misali, ganuwar gida, shinge ko wata babbar itaciya tare da kambi mai yawa, amma kawai idan wannan nau'in kariya daga iska mai sanyi ta arewa ta keɓe ne kawai a gefen arewa.
A pear iya Bloom amma ba 'ya'yan itace saboda matalauta pollinationCiwon kwaro
Wani dalili yayin da pear ba ya samarwa shine rinjayar kwari. Misali, yana yin tasiri sosai da kodan pear kuma a zahiri baya basu damar haɓakar ƙwayar pear, zaka iya yaƙi dashi da taimakon Alatar. Irin wannan kwaro kamar yadda ɗan itacen kudan zuma yake haifar da lahani da pear, wanda ke bayyana kansa a cikin yawan furanni. Tare da wannan kwaro zaka iya yin yaƙi tare da taimakon miyagun ƙwayoyi "Kinmiks".
Haka kuma asu zai iya haifar da lahani ga pear, macen sa ta shiga gidan kwai ta cinye ɗakin, sakamakon wanda kwai ya faɗi, kuma babu 'ya'yan itace. Kuna iya kawar da asu ta hanyar magance tsire-tsire pear da maganin "Aivengo". Za'a iya aiwatar da sarrafawa a cikin tsakiyar Mayu, lokacin da akwai shekaru na malam buɗe ido, sannan kuma maimaita shi bayan makonni 2-3.
Froro yana ba da launi amma ba 'ya'yan itace
Wani lokacin pear fure blous profusely, amma babu wani fruiting, wannan na iya zama dalilai biyu - rashin pollination kuma a sakamakon bayyanar daskarewa.
Don magance matsalar pollination, ya zama dole a sami akalla nau'ikan pears biyu na lokaci guda a kan makirci; za su yi wa jigilar juna, tare da ba da gudummawa ga yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekara-shekara da kwanciyar hankali.
Don haɓaka da ɗanɗano daga pollen daga pistils, ya zama dole don fesa tsire-tsire pear tare da boric acid a lokacin taro, bayan an shirya maganin 1% na shi.
Zai yi wuya a iya warware matsalar fallasawar dusar kankara. Frosts na iya rusa ovaries riga a farkon matakin ci gaba ko sanya furanni bakararre, rigakafi ga pollen. Wasu lokuta yan lambu suna magance matsalar tare da dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar shan sigari a mafi yawan lokuta masu haɗari, amma wannan ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamako daidai ba.
Idan ana maimaita yawan sanyi a yankin ku a shekara, yana da kyau ku sayi iri iri tare da latti, wato, kaka da nau'in hunturu.
Kammalawa Mun ba da misalai na sanadin abubuwanda suka zama ruwan dare lokacin da lu'u-lu'u ba ya fitar. Sanin waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya guje musu, sannan pear zai kasance koyaushe farin cikin ku da cikakken amfanin gona.
