Ga Rasha, wannan tsire-tsire har yanzu ba shi da masaniya, amma tsawon shekaru ya kasance kayan lambu da aka saba da shi a New Zealand, Amurka, Iran, Japan da Korea, ƙasashen Kudancin Turai, kusan 'yan asalin Brazil ne da sauran ƙasashe. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yakon har yanzu ya ci nasara a kan kasashen tsoffin jumlolin mu na Asiya ta Tsakiya, Moldova kuma sun fara kaiwa zuwa Ukraine da Rasha.
Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) - wani nau'in tsirrai na tsire-tsire na gandun daji na dangin Astrovian.
Furancin Yakon. Links Mike MaɗaukakiDa amfani kaddarorin na yacon
Istswararrun kwararru sun bayyana a ciki kasancewar selenium, chlorogenic da maganin kafeyin acid, da kuma wasu ƙwayoyin halittar phenolic, waɗanda ke ƙayyade kaddarorin antioxidant na yacon. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yin amfani da ƙwararran tushen tushen ba kawai, har ma cirewa daga ganyen yacon yana haifar da raguwa a cikin taro na sukari a cikin jini. Wannan yana nufin yiwuwar amfani don dalilai na magani duka abubuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma sassan ƙasa na shuka. Koyaya, a cikin yakon, ba fi ba, amma tushen, ko kuma ƙasan ta, har yanzu suna da daraja. Abubuwan jikinsu na farar fata masu launin fari ko launin shuɗi ana ɗauke da su ta hanyar ƙananan kalori - 100 g ya ƙunshi kawai 60 kcal. Sun ƙunshi furotin na 2 zuwa 7%, wanda amino acid masu inganci suka wakilta, mai 0.14% mai, bitamin C, potassium, antioxidant phenol, riboflavin, selenium har ma da ɗan ƙaramin chlorogenic, abu mai inganci wanda yake cikin kofuna na kore. Kuma bayani mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke neman samfuran da ke da amfani ga asarar nauyi: yacon ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 60% na inulin - polyfructosan ne da ba a taɓa gani ba, a carbohydrate tare da sarkar narkewa mai tsawo.
Sakamakon dogayen insulin na carbohydrate, inulin yana daidaita matakin glucose a cikin jini kuma yana ba wa jiki damar daidaita daidaituwar insulin din da aka samar a cikin koda. Wannan ba kawai yana kariya daga hare-haren yunwar ba, har ma yana aiki azaman prophylaxis ga masu ciwon sukari.
Likitoci suna rubutu game da fa'idar amfanin gumaka akan aikin hanji. “Kumburi” a cikin ciki, sinadarin fiber na tubers yana aiki a matsayin yanayi mai dacewa don mahimmancin ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da suke hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jijiyoyin mahaifa, suna aiki a matsayin nau'i na sihiri na halitta wanda ke taimakawa cire ɓangaren nauyin daga sauran tsabtatawa da tsarin tsabtace jiki. Duk wannan yana haɓaka metabolism a cikin ƙwayoyin kuma yana sa ya zama mafi tasiri. A ta fuskar ma'ana, ikon gumaka don inganta motsin hanji shima yana da mahimmanci. Musamman mahimmanci shine gaskiyar cewa saboda abubuwan da ke cikin tubers na abubuwan da aka gano kamar selenium, ana kiran yakon "elixir na samari." Yana da ikon hana cututtukan zuciya, yana da amfani mai amfani ga tsarin juyayi, ƙyale a cikin tsufa don kula da hankali, rage cholesterol a cikin jini.
Yacon, tubers. NusHubMutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa ruwan juiciness, gyada da ƙanshi na yakon wani abu ne tsakanin sabon apple, kankana, kankana da dankali talakawa. Ba dalili ba ne cewa mutum zai iya zuwa ya fadi irin wadannan sunayen gumakan kamar "duniya apple", "dankalin turawa," da sauran su. Magoya bayan wannan al'ada suna amfani da takaddun ta a cikin raw, stewed, soyayyen da bushe bushe. Raw, crunchy, tubers mai dadi a salads suna da kyau musamman. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don yin matsawa. Stewed, Boiled da soyayye kuma suna cin ƙuruciya mai laushi da yacon. Munyi la'akari da mahimmanci don sake jaddada mahimmancin kaddarorin gumaka: saboda abubuwan maye gurbin maye gurbin halitta na sukari, waɗanda jikin mutum ke shaƙa cikin sauƙi, ana amfani dashi sosai don maganin cututtukan da ke tattare da rikice-rikice na rayuwa - ciwon sukari, atherosclerosis, da kiba. Yana matukar rage yawan sukarin jini kuma yana bayar da matukar tasirin gaske ga asarar nauyi, kamar yadda binciken kwararru suka tabbatar. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a cutar da yakon tubers ko syrup daga gare su, suna so, alal misali, don hanzarta kawar da nauyi mai yawa. Don haka, shawarar da aka bayar na yau da kullun na syrup shine cokali 2 kawai a rana. Hakanan yana da amfani mutum yasan cewa ƙwayayen ƙoshin yakon ba kyawawa bane idan aka girbe. Don su sami dandano mai daɗi, dole ne su kasance cikin shekaru a cikin rana ko a cikin wurin ɗumi kwana 3-4 kafin samuwar ƙwayoyin wrinkled. Gaskiya ne, akwai shawarwari don ɗaukar hotuna mafi tsayi na tubers zuwa iska mai dumi - daga ranakun 10 zuwa 12.
Ci da yacon
Wurin haifuwa na yakon (wani dangi mai nisa na sunflower, Kudus artichoke) shine tsaunukan Andes na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Itacen yakon yana da kyau, m, tare da al'adun shekara guda yana da tsayi har zuwa m 1.2, tare da perenni ɗaya - har zuwa 2. Mikalin yana kore, tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a cikin ɓangaren babba. Ganyen suna da yawa, tare da gefuna ba na yau da kullun ba. A gefe na sama sunyi shuɗi mai duhu, a ƙasan ƙananan wuta suna da wuta. A kan manyan jijiyoyi da kuma petioles na ganye akwai mai yawa da wuya pubescence. Dukkanin sassan ɓangaren tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa da zazzabi na ƙirar sifili. Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yacon ya samar da nau'i biyu - rhizomes da tushen tubers. Manyan manya-manyan rhizomes sun isa taro mai yawa zuwa 400-600 g .. Akwai kuliyoyin a kansu, suna ba da sabon tsiro. Tushen bakin ciki da yawa suna fitowa daga rhizomes, waɗanda suke yin kauri yayin da suke girma, suna samun sifa mai fasalin lu'u-lu'u. Tubers ana harhada a cikin ƙananan ɗaurewar ɗakuna da yawa. A cikin Rasha, a cikin bude ƙasa, ana bada shawara don haɓaka yakon a cikin yankuna na kudu, kuma a arewacin yana da kyawawa don shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai shinge.
Yacon, gaba ɗayan tsirrai. Her Michael HermannHankali!
Ba shi yiwuwa a yadu da yakon tare da tushen tubers; babu irin waɗannan budsan itacen a kansu kamar kann dankalin turawa. Lokacin da aka girma a tsakiyar Rasha, ba a kafa furanni ko tsaba a kan yakon ba, don haka hanya ta ainihi don yaduwar wannan shuka a cikin wannan tsiri shine a samo seedlings daga buds da aka kafa akan rhizomes, waɗanda aka fi dacewa don yin shuka a cikin Fabrairu.
Kafin wannan, an ba da shawarar su gurɓata, alal misali, tsawon mintuna 5 a cikin maganin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar potassium ta yadda ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba ta haɓaka ba. Sa'an nan kuma an yanke rhizome cikin sassa da yawa, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata kodan, kuma an sanya shi a cikin kwantena mai lebur, kasan abin da ya kamata a shimfiɗa shi tare da zane mai danshi ko takarda mai tacewa. A saman kwandon an rufe shi da filastik ko gilashi. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, kwantena ya kamata a fantsama sannan masana'anta ko takarda suma. Tsarin rhizomes tare da sprouts waɗanda ke bayyana bayan kimanin makonni 2 sun fi kyau a cikin dasa tukwane tare da cakuda msan ƙwayoyin cuta. Zai iya haɗawa, alal misali, wani sashi na ƙasar turmi, ɓangarori biyu na peat da ƙaramin adadin takaddun takaddun takaddama. Kuma bayan makonni 8 kawai, tsire-tsire za su kasance a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, amma, ya kamata a dasa su a farkon ƙarshen ƙarshen yiwuwar dawowar sanyi (bayan Yuni 6-8).
Ya kamata a kwance ƙasa a kan gado don yacon. Yakon za a iya girma a kan kasa mai yawa, duk da haka, don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai laushi kuma a lokaci guda tushen tushen tubers, mai wadataccen, ƙasa mai takin ƙasa ake buƙata. Lokacin tono shafin don yakon a cikin fall (a kan bayonet na shebur), an bada shawara don takin (a kan kowane murabba'in murabba'in): 1/3 guga na tumatir wanda aka lalace, 1 tbsp. superphosphate da 1 tablespoon taki potash. A lokacin ɓarnatar bazara, ana wadatar da ƙasa da ammonium nitrate.
Yakon, kallon ciyawar tsirrai. B Rob HilleYakon shuka ana shuka su ne bisa tsarin 60x60 cm, ba shakka, bishi ne. Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi kauri, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa da alama. Mafi kyawun zazzabi: +18 ° С ... +30 ° С. Rhizomes sun iya yin tsayayya da karamin lokacin sanyi, amma sashin da ke sama ya mutu. Tushen tushe ya ratsa zurfi cikin ƙasa, don haka inji zai iya tsayayya da fari na ɗan gajeren lokaci. A bayyane yake cewa ana ba da kulawa ta musamman don shayarwa yayin shuka da kuma dasa bishiyoyi. Rashin danshi yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma a lokaci guda, yakamata ya kasance yawan danshi. Ana yin ruwa kawai da ruwa mai ɗumi. Idan yanayi yayi zafi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire kowace rana. A lokacin girma, ana kuma bada shawarar a ciyar da tsire-tsire, alal misali, tare da keken motar tashar Kemira a farashin 5 g na taki da 1 sq M.
Yakon a cikin ƙasa buɗe ya kai tsayi 1.0-1.2 m. Har zuwa 25 tushen tsiren tsiro ya haɓaka a kan kowace shuka. Jimlar adadin tushen tubers a kan shuka iri-iri na Rashan iri-iri ya kai kilogiram 3. Yawancin lambu sunyi imanin cewa lokacin da suke koyon yakon don dalilai na magani, fifiko ya kamata har yanzu za a bai wa nau'in kasashen waje, wanda, sun yi imanin, sun fi arziki a cikin abubuwan da ke ƙunshe cikin su (watau suna kusa da magabatansu na asali).
Ya kamata a fara yin girbi a farkon Satumba, kafin farkon sanyi. Idan yanayin ya ba da izinin, to, zaku iya tsaftace shi a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers na iya ƙaruwa da kashi 30-50%. Rhizomes da Tushen tushen ana adana su daban a cikin akwakun ko ƙananan kwantena a cikin ɗakunan caca tare da babban zafi. An adana tumatir har tsawon watanni 8-10, ba tare da asarar turgor ba. Kamar yadda aka riga aka faɗa, tushen ƙamshin furanni na yakon sun kasance mara ƙoshin lokacin girbi, duk da haka, yayin ajiya suna samin ɗanɗano mai daɗin ji. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin haɓaka haɓaka, amfanin gona masu tushe suna tara ɗan itacen da ba su da daɗin ɗanɗano fiye da fructose. Lokacin da aka ɗora tushen tushen yakon don ajiya, sai su fara aiwatar da ɓarnar ofan itace don fructose, wanda ke ba wa ƙanshin ɗanɗano mai daɗin kama da na pear ko guna, kuma tsarin yana tafiya da sauri a yanayin zafi.
Tashin ganuwa, duka, da yanke. NusHubP.S. Yawancin masu sha'awar kwalliyar kwantar da tarzoma suna girmama wannan sabon kayan lambu ga mutanen Russia saboda kyawawan kaddarorin da suke da shi. Suna ƙara girma don fara yin yakon a cikin lambunan su a maimakon Urushalima artichoke. Gaskiyar ita ce Urushalima artichoke ta dade tana amfani da su sosai a cikin salads. Musamman a cikin bazara, lokacin da ake amfani dashi azaman prophylaxis game da ciwon sukari. Abu ne mai iya fahimta: mutane a wannan lokacin, har ma bayan hunturu, ba su motsa da yawa, abubuwan ɗauka a jiki ba su da mahimmanci. Don haka dole ne ka kare kanka daga yawan sukari mai yawa. Amma Urushalima artichoke ne ko da yaushe a kusa: dug tare da felu kuma yanzu sun kasance sabo ne tubers cewa wintered da kyau a dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma wannan shuka yana buƙatar kusan babu kulawa, yana girma kuma yana haɓaka, yana ƙaruwa daga ragowar tubers a cikin ƙasa. Kawai akwai matsaloli masu yawa tare da tubers lokacin da ya zama dole a peeled kafin amfani, saboda yawan ci gaba a kansu. Wani abu kuma shine tubers na yakon - mai santsi da kuma babba babba.
Akwai ra'ayin cewa yakon shine kayan lambu na karni na 21, ana sanya shi a matsayin dabarun samar da makomar gaba, kuma wannan ba zai iya ba face ƙara juyayi ga yakon. Koyaya, waɗanda suka yanke shawarar fara girma yana buƙatar kulawa da shuka a yanzu, saboda 'yan seedlings su iya girma kafin farkon Yuni. Wannan ba shi da wahala a yi, kawai dole ne a nemo kantin da ya dace kusa da wurin zaman ku. Kuma masu siyarwa don wadatar da seedlings na alamar wannan shekara, kuna yin hukunci ta hanyar talla akan Intanet, suna shirye. Dare, abokaina, da kuma nasara gare ku!
