Patisson, ko kabewa mai kama da farantin - tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara na dangin Suman, wani nau'in kabewa na kowa ne (Cucurbita pepo) Noma a duniya, a cikin daji, ba a san asalin shuka ba.
Sunan Rasha na shuka shine rance ne daga yaren Faransa; kalmar Faransanci pâtisson an samo ta ne daga pâté (kek), wanda ke hade da siffar 'ya'yan itacen. Kayan lambu ana kuma kiranta squash - 'ya'yan itaciyar da ake amfani da wannan tsiro, ana amfani da su kamar yadda zucchini, Boiled da soyayyen.
Patisson, ko kabewa mai kama da farantin.
A cikin wallafe-wallafen gida, ana la'akari da sunan kimiyya na squash Cucurbita pepo var. patisson, ko Cucurbita pepo var. patisoniana. Cikakken sunan kasa da kasa don taksi ne Cucurbita pepo subsp. ovifera, var. ovifera.
Abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai gina jiki, kayan abinci da na magani na squash iri ɗaya ne da na kabewa da zucchini, amma faɗan dandano na wannan al'ada yana da girma. Dukansu matasa kwai da manyan 'ya'yan itace ana ci. Ana amfani da fruitsan fruitsan maraƙi a cikin abinci a cikin dafaffen ko nau'in shaƙewa. Squash an soyayyen, stewed, ana iya salted, a kawo shi sosai a ciki ko a haɗa tare da cucumbers da sauran kayan lambu.
'Yan kwantar da hankali sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da squash don koda, hanta, har ma da catarrh, peptic ulcer da atherosclerosis. Squash suna da matukar amfani diuretic sakamako, suna bayar da tasu gudunmawa ga fitar ruwa da sinadarin sodium daga jiki.
Bayanin squash
Patisson wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro-tsiro mai hade da manyan ganye, mai tsayayyen ganye. Furannin squash ba su da aure, basu da jima'i, masu nuna bambanci, launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen squash sune kabewa; nau'in da launi na tayin, dangane da iri-iri, na iya bambanta sosai: siffar na iya zama mai sheki-mai fasalin ko kuma farantin faranti; canza launin - fari, rawaya, kore, wasu lokuta tare da aibobi da ratsi.
Patisson, ciyawar fure.
Shirya shafin don squash
Squash sown a kan bude, da-warmed da ventilated gado. Yana da kyau a noma ƙasa lokacin bazara. Dole ne a kula da shafin tare da takin gargajiya, sannan a noma ko a tono ba tare da fasa duniyan ba. Idan ƙasa ta kasance mai acidic, wajibi ne don samar da shafin a cikin kaka.
A cikin bazara, an shirya makircin, an lalata ciyayi, kuma a cikin rabin na biyu na May ana kawo su ƙarƙashin digging, dangane da tsarin ƙasa, abubuwan da ke ƙasa (idan ba a yi amfani dasu ba tun daga faɗuwar) da takin ma'adinai.
Iri ƙasa da taki don squash
Peat kasa. 2 kilogiram na dung humus ko takin, guga 1 na ƙasa mai laushi (loamy ko ƙasa mai yumɓu) ana amfani da su 1 m²; yayyafa 1 teaspoon na superphosphate, potassium sulfate da 2 tbsp. tablespoons na itace ash. Bayan yin dukkan abubuwan haɗin, an haƙa gado har zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm, nisa na 60-70 cm, an ɓoye farfajiya tare da ruwan sanyi (35-40 ° C) (2 tablespoons na Agricola-5 ruwa mai narkewa a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa), 3 lita ta 1 m². Rufe gado tare da fim don hana bushewar danshi da kuma kula da zafi.
Clay da haske loamy kasa. 2-3 kilo na peat, humus da sawdust ana ƙara su a 1 m². Daga takin ma'adinai ƙara 1 tablespoon na superphosphate da 2 tbsp. tablespoons na itace ash.
Sandasar yashi. Domin 1 m², 1 guga na turf ƙasar, peat da kilogiram 3 na humus da sawdust an ƙara. Ana amfani da kayan haɗin guda ɗaya daga takin mai magani kamar yadda kan ƙasa mai yumɓu.
Black ƙasa m ƙasa. 2 kilogram na sawdust, 1 tablespoon na powpho superphosphate da 2 tablespoons na itace ash suna kara da 1 m².
A jere squash.
Sabbin ƙasashe masu tasowa (ƙasar budurwa). Daga ƙasa, ya zama dole don a hankali zaɓi duk tushen, wivaorm larvae da May irin ƙwaro. A cikin farkon shekarar shuka, an gabatar da kilogiram na 2 humus ko takin a cikin waɗannan ƙasa, kuma daga takin ma'adinai - 1 tablespoon na nitrophosphate da 2 tablespoons na itace ash. Bayan yin abinci mai gina jiki, an haɗu da filin kuma kamar yadda aka ambata a sama don ƙasa mai peat, ana shayar da maganin na gina jiki-5 na abinci.
Bayan yin abinci mai gina jiki, digging, matakin da compaction, an rufe gado da fim. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, ana ɗaga fim ɗin kuma an fara shuka squash.
Shiri na squash tsaba don shuka
Don samun fruitsa earlyan farko da kuma riba penan amfanin gona a cikin kullun, squash girma a cikin hanyoyi biyu: shuka bushe ko kumbura tsaba da dasa shuki seedlings. Abubuwan squash suna da yawa, tare da babban abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki, saboda wannan, an tabbatar da haɓakar farkon shuka na seedlings.
Don ƙarfafa germination, zaku iya jiƙa ƙwayar squash a cikin maganin maganin boric acid (20 MG a 1 l) a cikin jaka kuma ku ci gaba da yawan zafin jiki a cikin kwana ɗaya, sannan ku tsabtace da ruwa mai tsabta kuma bushe. Wannan zai kara haɓakawa, haɓaka haɓaka na farko, haɓaka haɓakar tsirrai da haɓaka yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kashi 10-20%.
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a taurara ƙwayar squash (ana jika su, an sanya su cikin jaka kuma a kiyaye su a zazzabi na 18-20 ° C na awanni 6 sannan a 0-2 ° C na tsawon awanni 18, lokaci-lokaci ana yin danshi kuma yana motsa su tsawon kwanaki 3-5) .
Patisson kwai na tayi.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da abubuwan kara kuzari don shirin girbi. 'Ya'yan squash suna narkewa a cikin maganin Bud (2 g da lita 1 na ruwa); saukar da sa'o'i 12 a Energen (5 saukad da kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Abubuwan da aka yi amfani dasu suna an shafe su da ruwa kuma an bar su cikin ƙazanta na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 a zazzabi na 22-25 ° C, bayan wannan suna shirye don shuka.
Squash shine mafi yawan danshi-mai ƙauna da kuma buƙatar yanayin amfanin gona fiye da zucchini. Squash ya fi sanyi tsauri fiye da cucumbers, saboda haka za'a iya shuka ƙwayoyin su a cikin gidajen katako. Yanayin girma iri daya ne da kokwamba.
Shuka squash
Yawancin lokaci ana shuka squash a lokaci guda kamar zucchini. Ana shuka iri don shuka a gida a ranar 10-25 ga Afrilu, kuma ana shuka shuka da suka girma a kan gado ranar 15 ga Mayu.
Lokacin shuka a cikin ƙasa, ana shuka ƙwayar squash gwargwadon shirin 60x60 cm, zurfin seeding shine 5-7 cm akan ƙasa mai haske kuma 3-4 cm akan ƙasa mai nauyi. Ana sanya tsaba biyu zuwa uku a cikin kowace rijiya a nesa na 5-6 cm kuma an rufe shi da duniya. Bayan fitowar, tsire-tsire sun fashe, suna barin guda a lokaci guda. Plantsarin tsire-tsire ana iya dasa shi zuwa wani gado. Ya kamata a yafa saman gadaje da peat don tabbatar da danshi na dindindin na ƙasa.
Bayan shuka ko dasa shuki, an rufe gadaje squash tare da fim. An yada fim din a saman baka, wanda aka sanya shi a saman gadaje zuwa tsayin 40-5 cm. Lokacin da ake yin sanyi, ana buƙatar ƙarin matsuguni. Musamman, ana buƙatar irin wannan tsari da dare a cikin Mayu, lokacin da ya faɗi ƙasa. zazzabi
Girma squash a ƙarƙashin matsugunan fim na wucin gadi da yawa yana ba ka damar shuka tsaba makonni 2-3 a baya, yana ba da tsire-tsire tare da ingantaccen ruwa da yanayin zazzabi, yana taimakawa samun amfanin gona da ya gabata kuma mafi yalwa. Dole ne a ba da mafaka a kai a kai.
Don kare squash daga sanyi a farkon matakan shuka, zaka iya amfani da gadaje mai dumama tare da farin ciki na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Don ƙirƙirar gado mai ɗumi a cikin ƙasa, an haƙa haɗe, an zubar da taki ko takin a ciki, kuma an sanya ruɓaɓɓen (20-25 cm) na ƙasa lambun, ana shayar da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai, a saman. Shuka ta fara ne a lokacin zazzabi na 28-30 ° C.
Patisson, ko kabewa mai kama da farantin.
Kulawar squash
Kula da dasa squash ya ƙunshi shayar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire, weeding, cire ƙananan tsufa ganye da 'ya'yan itace mara lalacewa.
Squash hygrophilous ne, musamman yayin 'ya'yan itace. Ruwa tsirrai tare da ruwan dumi (22-25 ° C) ruwa. Kafin fure - 5-8 lita a 1 m² bayan kwanaki 5-6, kuma a lokacin fure da fruiting - lita 8 a kowace 1 m² bayan kwanaki 3-4. Don kare amfanin gona daga cututtuka da hana lalata furanni da ovaries, kuna buƙatar ruwa squash akan furrows ko ƙarƙashin tushe don kar su sami ruwa.
Squash kada ku sassauta, kada ku yi spud. Tare da yawan ruwa, ana fitar da tushen tsire-tsire, don haka sau 1-2 a cikin lokacin girma, ya kamata a yayyafa bushes tare da peat, humus ko kowane cakuda ƙasa tare da Layer na 3-5 cm. -2 tsoffin zanen gado. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, ana maimaita wannan aikin.
A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire squash sau uku. Ana aiwatar da riguna na fari na farko kafin fure: 2 tablespoons na kayan lambu na Organetik ana narkewa a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa kuma ana shayar da su a cikin adadin 4-5 a kowace 1 m². A lokacin fruiting, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau biyu tare da bayani mai zuwa: 2 tablespoons na Forward taki da kuma 1 teaspoon na nitrophoska suna diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ana ciyar da su a cikin nauyin 3 a kowace shuka.
Yana da tasiri don amfani don ciyar da mullein (1:10) ko tsintsiyar kaza (1:20) a cikin nauyin 0.5 l kowace shuka. Irin wannan riguna ya isa ga girma na al'ada da squash squash.
Squash - giciye-pollinated shuke-shuke. Saboda haka, don yanayin 'ya'yan itace na al'ada, suna buƙatar pollinating kwari: ƙudan zuma, bumblebees, wasps. A cikin gidajen kore, kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi da bude ƙasa, suna buƙatar ƙarin aikin pollination na hanzari don inganta samarwa 'ya'yan itace. Don yin wannan, a cikin yanayin rana, share fure na namiji tare da fure mai fure, cire corolla kuma saka shi cikin furen mace - ovary).
'Ya'yan itãcen squash dole ne a ware daga ƙasa sabõda haka, ba su lalace ta slugs kuma ba su rot. Don wannan dalili an sanya su a kan faranti, allon ko gilashi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna buƙatar tattara kullun, in ba haka ba samuwar sabbin' ya'yan itace ba da jinkiri ba, kuma ƙwayoyin da ke cikin ƙasa na iya crumble.
Patisson.
Iri-nau'i na squash
Siffar squash yayi kama da faifai, kararrawa, kwano ko farantin, kuma gefen na iya zama ko tare da cloves, scallops. Har zuwa kwanan nan, launi na gargajiya na 'ya'yan itacen fari. Yanzu akwai nau'ikan launin rawaya, orange, kore har ma da shunayya.
Farin squash
- 'White 13' - gwada-tsakiyar-shekara-iri-iri squash. Yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa 450 g.
- 'Disk' - farkon cikakke. 'Ya'yan itace kusan 350 g. Haushi ya yi kauri. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, mara nauyi, savory, dan kadan mai nasara.
- 'Umbrella' - wani mai-amfanin gona farkon cikakke squash. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu kaman koina-kamannuna, babba - mai nauyin kilogram 0.8-1.4.
- 'Burodi' - da wuri (har zuwa girbin farko na kwanaki 46), yana buƙatar haɓaka yanayi. Karamin. A kan shuka ɗaya, har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari 26 zuwa 26 suna yin nauyi 180-270 g
- 'Piglet' nau'in iri ne wanda ya fara lalacewa wanda ya hade amfanin gona. A tsire-tsire ne m. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 220-300 g, kyakkyawan inganci.
- 'Cheburashka' - squash squash (har zuwa girbin farko na kwanaki 35-39), mai tsaurin sanyi, nau'ikan da ke da tsawon rai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari 200-400 g, haushi yana da bakin ciki, jiki yana da taushi, mai laushi.
- F1 'Rodeo' - wani ne mai farashi mai inganci. Dajin yana karami. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m, mai yawa, crispy, na ainihin dandano.
Rawaya-orange squash
- 'Rana' wani zamani ne, mai matukar inganci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na 250-300 g, a cikin cikakkiyar fasaha mai haske mai haske launin rawaya, a cikakke - orange, nama mai kirim Kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa gwangwani baki daya.
- 'UFO Orange' - ɗan fari ne mai kauri. Ovaries yakan haifar koda kuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 280 g ko fiye. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne orange-rawaya, mai yawa, m, mai dadi sosai, tare da babban abun ciki na bitamin C, magnesium, baƙin ƙarfe.
- 'Fuete' - farkon cikakke. 'Ya'yan itãcen 250-300 g, an adana na dogon lokaci. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne fari, m, mai yawa, dadi.
M squash
- 'Bingo-Bongo' - daga seedlings zuwa farkon 'ya'yan itace 39-43 kwanaki. Tsire-tsire masu ɗaure ne, tumatir na ganye yana ɗagaɗa (ya dace da ruwa da kulawa). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari zuwa 450-600 g tare da m, m ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Dark kore squash
- 'Chunga-Changa' - tsakiyar kaka, mai 'ya'ya. 'Ya'yan itãcen 500-700 g tare da m, m ɓangaren litattafan almara.
- 'Gosha' - farkon fari. Shuka tayi girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen a lokacin ripening kusan baki, yayin da jiki ne fari fari.
Patisson.
Cutar da kwari
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, babban dalilin cututtukan squash yana shayar da ruwan sanyi da bambancin zafin jiki (dare da rana).
Anthracnose - cutar fungal. Ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na haske launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye da mai tushe. Yana kaiwa zuwa bayyanar a kan 'ya'yan itãcen squash zurfin raunuka cike da ruwan hora mai ruwan hoda. Cutar na ci gaba da zafi.
Farar ƙasa - yana nufin cututtukan fungal. Ya bayyana a cikin wani farin farin plaque, wanda take kaiwa zuwa softening da lalata da nama a kan mai tushe, ganye petioles da squash 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Cututtuka yawanci suna tare da babban zafi a cikin greenhouse.
Tushen rot - cutar fungal. Yana haifar da daskararren ganye, wanda yake haifar da bushewa na duka lash kuma mutuwar asalin sa. Cutar tana tare da sauye-sauye kwatsam cikin yanayin dare da rana, da danshi mai yawa a cikin greenhouse.
Grey rot- tare da wannan cuta, manyan launin ruwan kasa aibobi a kan ganye, mai tushe rot, 'ya'yan itãcen squash an rufe launin ruwan kasa, rigar aibobi tare da launin toka, m shafi.
Mock mai launin kore (Farin mosaic, Mosaic na al'ada na kokwamba) - ya danganta da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Ya bayyana a kan matasa ganye a cikin nau'i na rawaya da fari aibobi sannan wrinkles. Yana kaiwa zuwa ga ragewa a shuka girma, matalauta fure da rashin fahimta bambanta launi daga 'ya'yan itacen. Ya fi rinjayar tsirrai a cikin gidajen katako.
Powdery mildew - cutar fungal. Ya bayyana a cikin wani nau'i na farin ko m shafi a saman ɓangaren ganyayyaki, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa ga bushewarsu. A wannan yanayin, ana iya shafa mai tushe da 'ya'yan itaciyar squash. Cutar tana tare da danshi mai yawa a cikin greenhouse.
Ciwon ciki (peronosporosis), ko mily alade - yana tasowa akan ganye: aibobi ya bayyana a saman babba da farko, sannan sai suka canza launi da fitowar su, wanda daga baya ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Fure mai launin shuɗi-violet mai launi a ƙasan tabkuna.
Fusarium - cutar fungal. Mafi yawan samu a cikin greenhouses. Cutar na iya shafar kowane tsirrai. Zai iya bayyana kansa azaman cutar taro na al'adar da aka bayar.
Kafa baki- yana shafar ƙwayar squash, wanda tushen ya shafi. Shuka ya juya launin rawaya a cikin lokaci na ganye cotyledon, tushen wuyansa ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Tushen tsire-tsire yi duhu, rot, yi laushi.
Whitefly - yana cutar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye. Kwaro ne mai launin rawaya har tsawon mm 2 mm tare da nau'i biyu na fuka-fuki biyu.
Motsa lambun - Malam buɗe ido yana haifar da rayuwa ta rayuwa. Lalacewa ta lalace ta hanyar larvae - matafila. Cataramin matafilai suna ciyar da ganye, suna barin kashinsu kawai. Mazajen tsofaffi suna cin ganye gabaɗaya, har ma suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itaciyar, suna jan manyan ramuka daban-daban.
Ruwan sanyi - 'yan kunar bakin wannan matattarar cizo a kan shuka da ƙananan tsirrai a ainihin ƙasa.
Aphids masu ban sha'awa - Kwaro mai yaduwa wanda ke tasowa cikin matsakaici da laima. Ana samo shi da yawa a cikin ganyayyaki, harbe, furanni da kuma tsotsa ruwan lemon daga gare su, yana sa su lalacewa da bushewa. Yana kaiwa zuwa ga raguwa cikin girma har ma da mutuwar tsirrai.
Jiran nasihun ku don girma squash!
